Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34051818›Full record

ArticleCancer cell international2021

The cancer-associated fibroblasts related gene CALD1 is a prognostic biomarker and correlated with immune infiltration in bladder cancer.

YiHeng Du, Xiang Jiang, Bo Wang, Jin Cao, Yi Wang, Jiang Yu, XiZhi Wang, HaiTao Liu

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer cell international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Identification ofEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Translational cancer research · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. ZNF197-AS1/miR-425/GABARAPL1 axis: a novel regulatory mechanism in uveal melanoma.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

YiHeng DuDepartment of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-6448
Xiang JiangDepartment of Pathology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
Bo WangDepartment of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
Jin CaoDepartment of Pathology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
Yi WangDepartment of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
Jiang YuDepartment of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
XiZhi WangDepartment of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 215028, Suzhou, China.
HaiTao LiuDepartment of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (originally named "Shanghai First Hospital"), 200080, Shanghai, China. haitao.liu@shgh.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3674-0081
Suzhou Kowloon Hospital · CNShanghai First People's Hospital · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 81972371Suzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau SYSD2020076
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStromal components of the tumor microenvironment contribute to bladder cancer progression, and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) were reported to play an important role. Accumulating pieces of evidence indicate that CAFs participate in the crosstalk with tumor cells and have a complex interaction network with immune components. Further studies on the role of CAFs in the bladder cancer microenvironment and searching for possible specific markers are important for a deeper understanding of CAFs in bladder cancer progression and immunomodulation.

methodsIn the present study, we examined the abundance of CAFs in the TCGA and GEO datasets using the MCP-COUNTER algorithm. Additionally, the expression of genes related to CAFs was analyzed through the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms were used to discuss the correlation of the key CAFs-related gene and the tumor microenvironment components. Immunohistochemistry analysis in clinical samples was used to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis.

resultsThe results showed that CAFs were closely associated with the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer. WGCNA also revealed that CALD1 was a key CAFs-related gene in bladder cancer. Moreover, further in-depth analysis showed that CALD1 significantly affected the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer. The CIBERSORT and ESTIMATE algorithms demonstrated significant correlations between CALD1 and the tumor microenvironment components, including CAFs, macrophages, T cells, and multiple immune checkpoint related genes. Finally, immunohistochemistry results validated the strong association of CALD1 with CAFs and macrophages.

conclusionsIn the present study, we confirmed the cancer-promoting roles of CAFs in bladder cancer. Being a key gene associated with CAFs, CALD1 may promote bladder cancer progression by remodeling the tumor microenvironment. The bioinformatics methods, including the CIBERSORT, MCP-COUNTER and ESTIMATE algorithms, may provide important value for studying the tumor microenvironment.

Indexed as

Bladder cancerCALD1Cancer‐associated fibroblastsImmunosuppressionPrognostic biomarker

Identifiers

PMID34051818
PMCPMC8164301
OpenAlexW3188635692

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.