ArticleBMC women's health2021
Prediction of distant metastatic recurrence by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
Article in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes predicts survival in HR+/HER2- early breast cancer: a pre-to-post neoadjuvant chemotherapy study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in luminal breast cancer using artificial intelligence.British journal of cancer · 2023Article
- Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Metastasis Using Penalized Additive Hazards Regression Model.Cancer informatics · 2023Article
- Phase I study of adjuvant immunotherapy with autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in locally advanced cervical cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer subtypes are known to have different metastatic recurrence sites. Distant metastases are often observed during the post-operative course in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, but are relatively rare in those with hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) serve as an index to monitor tumor immune microenvironment and may possibly predict the prognosis and therapeutic effect in breast cancer. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between TIL density and recurrence site in HR+/HER2- breast cancer.
methodsIn stages I-II of HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients who underwent surgery as the first treatment and received adjuvant endocrine therapy (except adjuvant chemotherapy), forty-two patients relapsed after surgery. TILs were evaluated using needle biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of breast cancer. Morphological assessment was conducted using conventional hematoxylin and eosin staining.
resultsSix patients had no TILs density. In them, local recurrence was significantly less (p = 0.022), while distant metastases were significantly more (p = 0.015) compared to those in patients with TIL density. Therefore, for the prediction of distant metastases in HR+/HER2- breast cancer without chemotherapy, TILs could be used as predictors in univariate analysis (p = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 0.127), although not as independent factors (p = 0.285, OR = 0.144).
conclusionsOur findings indicate that TILs may predict distant metastatic recurrence in stages I-II of HR+/HER2- breast cancer in patients who do not undergo chemotherapy.
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