Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34051364›Full record

ReviewTranslational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine2021

Immune responses to injury and their links to eye disease.

Mary Ann Stepp, A Sue Menko

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Translational research : the journal of laboratory and clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06270680 (Efficacy of Carotenoids on Blood Biomarkers Following A Collision Sport Athletes), which is not on this map. Cited by 124 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
124citing papers in PubMed
23.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06270680 early_phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of Carotenoids on Blood Biomarkers Following A Collision Sport Athletes

TypeinterventionalSponsorPenn State UniversityRan2024 to 2024Enrolled31ConditionsHead Injury, CarotenoidsArmsVision Edge Pro, Placebo
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

124 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Observational
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides controlFrontiers in microbiology · 2026
    Article
  14. Autophagy in ocular diseases: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Mary Ann SteppDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Ophthalmology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
A Sue MenkoDepartment of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Department of Ophthalmology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Electronic address: sue.menko@jefferson.edu.
George Washington University · USThomas Jefferson University · US

Funding

Molecular mechanisms of corneal recurrent erosion formationR01EY008512 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI STEPP, MARY ANN · 1990 to 2024
$11.7M
Paradigms of Wound Healing and Fibrosis in the EyeR01EY021784 · NEI · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI A. Sue Menko, Mary Ann Stepp · 2011 to 2026
$7.3M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY008512NEI NIH HHS R01 EY021784
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The eye is regarded as an immune privileged site. Since the presence of a vasculature would impair vision, the vasculature of the eye is located outside of the central light path. As a result, many regions of the eye evolved mechanisms to deliver immune cells to sites of dysgenesis, injury, or in response to the many age-related pathologies. While the purpose of these immune responses is reparative or protective, cytokines released by immune cells compromise visual acuity by inducing inflammation and fibrosis. The response to traumatic or pathological injury is distinct in different regions of the eye. Age-related diseases impact both the anterior and posterior segment and lead to reduced quality of life and blindness. Here we focus attention on the role that inflammation and fibrosis play in the progression of age-related pathologies of the cornea and the lens as well as in glaucoma, the formation of epiretinal membranes, and in proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Indexed as

ImmunityEye InjuriesFibrosisHumansInflammationLens, Crystalline2ryERMACAIDA cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophilsA cytokine expressed early during inflammation that attracts neutrophils, sometimes referred to as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1))A mouse model that lacks functional T and B cells and used to study the immune responseAn albino mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th2 response to infectionanterior chamber immune deviationanterior subcapsular cataractsAntigen Presenting Cells, this class includes dendritic cells and monocytesAPCsA pigmented mouse strain used for research and known to mount a primarily Th1 response to infectionA protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene that, in mice, is expressed primarily on macrophagesASCA strain of pigmented mice used in glaucoma researchA T-helper cell that expresses high levels of IL-17 which can suppress T-regulatory cell functionBALB/cbasement membraneBMC57BL6CCL2CD45Central Nervous SystemCluster of differentiation 45 antigenCNSCXCL1damage-associated molecular patternsDAMPsDBA/2JEBMECMEMTepiretinal membraneepiretinal membrane secondary to disease pathologyEpithelial Basement Membraneepithelial-mesenchymal transitionERMextracellular matrixF4/80FGF2fibroblast growth factor 2, also referred to as basic FGFHA =hyaluronic acidheat shock proteinheparan sulfate proteoglycansherpes simplex virusherpes stromal keratitisHSKHSPHSPGsHSVICNidiopathic epiretinal membraneiERMIL-20IL6ILMInner (or internal) limiting membraneInterleukin-20Interleukin 6intraepithelial corneal nervesintraocular pressureIOPMAGP1Major histocompatibility complex type II, a class of MHC proteins typically found only on APCsmechanistic target of rapamycin, a protein kinase encoded by the MTOR genes that regulates a variety of signal transduction events including cell growth, autophagy and actin cytoskeletonMHC-IIMicrofibril-associated glycoprotein 1mTORNational Eye InstituteNatural killer T cellsN-cadN-cadherinNEINKPCOPDGFPDRPlatelet derived growth factorPosterior capsular opacificationposterior vitreous detachmentproliferative diabetic retinopathyproliferative vitreoretinopathyPVDPVRRag1-/-Retinal ganglion cellsRetinal pigment epithelial cellsRGCrhegmatogenous (rupture, tear) retinal detachmentRPERRDSMADSons of Mothers Against Decapentaplegic, SMADs are a class of molecules that mediate TGF and bone morphogenetic protein signalingTGTGF1Th1Th17Th2T-helper cell 1 response, proinflammatory adaptive response involving interferon gamma and associated with autoimmunityT-helper cell 2 response involving IgE and interleukins 4,5, and 13, also induces the anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 family cytokinesTMTNFtrabecular meshworkTransforming growth factor 1TregT-regulatory celltrigeminal ganglionTumor necrosis factor a cytokine produced during inflammationVascular endothelial growth factorVEGFWHOWorld Health OrganizationαSMAα−Smooth muscle actin, a class of actin expressed in mesenchymal cells

Identifiers

PMID34051364
PMCPMC8380715
OpenAlexW3165115954

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.