ArticleImmunity2021
Longitudinal analysis reveals that delayed bystander CD8+ T cell activation and early immune pathology distinguish severe COVID-19 from mild disease.
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In one paragraph
Article in Immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 238 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
238citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
19.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
238 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and outcomes of splanchnic vein thrombosis after diagnosis of COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2023Pooled it
- Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and safety of baricitinib or ravulizumab in adult patients with severe COVID-19 (TACTIC-R): a randomised, parallel-arm, open-label, phase 4 trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2023Trial
- Caspase-11-mediated hyperinflammation impairs CD8+ T cell immunity and viral clearance in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- A late-stage multi-dimensional intervention rescues lethal viral pneumonia in an aged hamster model.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 E protein induces rapid TLR2-mediated T cell activation in mouse lungs revealed by intravital lung microscopy.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Reproducible detection of antigen-specific T cells and Tregs via standardized and automated activation-induced marker assay workflows.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- The challenge and promise of studying human antigen-specific T cells.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive longitudinal profiling identifies differential frequency, epitope specificity, and effector function of CD8EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Long COVID: Deep single-cell immunophenotyping and machine learning reveal a general signature for fatigue.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Self-collected finger-prick blood for gene expression profiling: Unveiling early immune responses in mild COVID-19.iScience · 2026Article
- Long-term risk of cardiovascular events after COVID-19 in the Swedish adult population-A matched cohort study.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Multilayer metabolomic integration reveals bioenergetic disruption in Long COVID.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Viral diversity influences T-cell responses to enteric human adenoviruses F40 and F41.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- T-Cell Immune Dysfunction and Progression to Severe COVID-19 in Asthma Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of T cell activation: Integrating signaling pathways, experimental models, and therapeutic implications.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- T-cell responses to highly conserved SARS-CoV-2 epitopes in Hispanic Americans receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- Article
- C > U mutations generate immunogenic peptides in SARS-CoV-2.Nature communications · 2025Article
178 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
38 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Laura BergamaschiCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Federica MesciaCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Lorinda TurnerCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Aimee L HansonCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Prasanti KotagiriCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Benjamin J DunmoreDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Hélène RuffieuxMRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Aloka De SaCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Oisín HuhnDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Michael D MorganCancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
Pehuén Pereyra GerberCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Mark R WillsCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Stephen BakerCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Fernando J Calero-NietoDepartment of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
Rainer DoffingerDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Gordon DouganCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Anne ElmerCambridge Clinical Research Centre, NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Ian G GoodfellowDivision of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Ravindra K GuptaCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Myra HosmilloDivision of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Kelvin HunterCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nathalie KingstonDepartment of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Paul J LehnerCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Nicholas J MathesonCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK.
Jeremy K NicholsonThe Australian National Phenome Centre, Centre for Computational and Systems Medicine, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia WA 6150, Australia.
Anna M PetrunkinaCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Sylvia RichardsonMRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK.
Caroline SaundersCambridge Clinical Research Centre, NIHR Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
James E D ThaventhiranCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; MRC Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK.
Erik J M ToonenR&D Department, Hycult Biotech, 5405 PD Uden, the Netherlands.
Michael P WeekesCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease-National Institute of Health Research (CITIID-NIHR) COVID BioResource Collaboration
Berthold GöttgensDepartment of Haematology, Wellcome & MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK.
Mark ToshnerDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Heart and Lung Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Christoph HessCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland; Botnar Research Centre for Child Health (BRCCH) University Basel & ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
John R BradleyDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
Paul A LyonsCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: pal34@cam.ac.uk.
Kenneth G C SmithCambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK. Electronic address: kgcs2@cam.ac.uk.
University of Cambridge · GBCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · GBWellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute · GBAddenbrooke's Hospital · GBEuropean Bioinformatics Institute · GBHycult Biotech (Netherlands) · NLMurdoch University · AUNHS Blood and Transplant · GB
Funding
Medical Research Council MC_PC_17230Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/10Medical Research Council MR/P008801/1Medical Research Council MR/S00081X/1Medical Research Council MR/S036113/1Medical Research Council MR/V011561/1Medical Research Council MR/V028448/1Medical Research Council MR/W014556/1Wellcome Trust 200871/Z/16/ZWellcome Trust 207498/Z/17/ZWellcome Trust 209749/Z/17/ZWellcome Trust 210688/Z/18/Z
Abstract
The kinetics of the immune changes in COVID-19 across severity groups have not been rigorously assessed. Using immunophenotyping, RNA sequencing, and serum cytokine analysis, we analyzed serial samples from 207 SARS-CoV2-infected individuals with a range of disease severities over 12 weeks from symptom onset. An early robust bystander CD8
Indexed as
BiomarkersCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19CytokinesDisease SusceptibilityGene Expression ProfilingHost-Pathogen InteractionsHumansInflammation MediatorsLongitudinal StudiesLymphocyte ActivationOxidative PhosphorylationPhenotypePrognosisReactive Oxygen SpeciesSARS-CoV-2BiomarkersCytokinesInflammation MediatorsReactive Oxygen Speciesbystander CD8+ T cellcomplementCOVID-19immune pathologyinterferonrecoverySARS-CoV-2systemic inflammationTNF-α
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.