ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2022
Impact of autism genetic risk on brain connectivity: a mechanism for the female protective effect.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is There a Bias Towards Males in the Diagnosis of Autism? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2025Pooled it
- Homozygous CHD8 mutation intensifies ASD phenotypes and attenuates sex differences.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Subcortical dopamine DEuropean journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Dissociable EEG connectivity patterns reflect the latent general and specific dimensions of ADHD in children and adolescents.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Functional Connectivity of the Neonatal Cerebellum is Impacted by Sex and Polygenic Liability for Autism.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Knockdown of Ddx3x in mPFC induces autistic-like phenotype in mice via altered synaptic plasticity.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Phenotypic Correlates of the Autism Polygenic Score.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Mapping along-tract commissural and association white matter microstructural differences in autistic children and young adults.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Functional Gradients and Dynamic Functional Connectivity in Preschool-Aged Children With ASD.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first 2 years of life.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Early selective attention to the articulating mouth as a potential female-specific marker of better language development in autism: a review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in trajectories of cortical development in autistic children from 2-13 years of age.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Differently different?: A commentary on the emerging social cognitive neuroscience of female autism.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Female-specific dysfunction of sensory neocortical circuits in a mouse model of autism mediated by mGluR5 and estrogen receptor α.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Why do we need sex-balanced studies of autism?Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2023Article
- Sex-related brain connectivity correlates of compensation in adults with autism: insights into female protection.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2022Article
- Modeling dopamine dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder: From invertebrates to vertebrates.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The biological mechanisms underlying the greater prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in males than females remain poorly understood. One hypothesis posits that this female protective effect arises from genetic load for autism spectrum disorder differentially impacting male and female brains. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of cumulative genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder on functional brain connectivity in a balanced sample of boys and girls with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing boys and girls (127 youth, ages 8-17). Brain connectivity analyses focused on the salience network, a core intrinsic functional connectivity network which has previously been implicated in autism spectrum disorder. The effects of polygenic risk on salience network functional connectivity were significantly modulated by participant sex, with genetic load for autism spectrum disorder influencing functional connectivity in boys with and without autism spectrum disorder but not girls. These findings support the hypothesis that autism spectrum disorder risk genes interact with sex differential processes, thereby contributing to the male bias in autism prevalence and proposing an underlying neurobiological mechanism for the female protective effect.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.