ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
High Plasmid Gene Protein 3 (Pgp3) Chlamydia trachomatis Seropositivity, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, and Infertility Among Women, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, United States, 2013-2016.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Serum IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Responses to Chlamydia trachomatis Pgp3 and Hsp60 in Tubal Factor Infertility.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Comparison of Chlamydia trachomatis Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for Infection Among Women by Gender/Sex of Sex Partner, United States, 2013-2016.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional study on the seroprevalence, reinfection, and associated factors of Chlamydia trachomatis among female sex workers in Guangdong Province, China.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity and seropersistence among women: A prospective cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infection, infertility, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013-2016.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Elevated serum uric acid is associated with infertility in women living in America.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Validation of immunoassays for the Chlamydia trachomatis antigen Pgp3 using a chimeric monoclonal antibody.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association between serumFrontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Plasmid-mediated virulence inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Chlamydia infection, PID, and infertility: further evidence from a case-control study in China.BMC women's health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChlamydia trachomatis causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and tubal infertility. Plasmid gene protein 3 antibody (Pgp3Ab) detects prior chlamydial infections. We evaluated for an association of high chlamydial seropositivity with sequelae using a Pgp3Ab multiplex bead array (Pgp3AbMBA).
methodsWe performed chlamydia Pgp3AbMBA on sera from women 18-39 years old participating in the 2013-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with urine chlamydia nucleic acid amplification test results. High chlamydial seropositivity was defined as a median fluorescence intensity (MFI ≥ 50 000; low-positive was MFI > 551-<50 000. Weighted US population high-positive, low-positive, and negative Pgp3Ab chlamydia seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were compared for women with chlamydial infection, self-reported PID, and infertility.
resultsOf 2339 women aged 18-39 years, 1725 (73.7%) had sera, and 1425 were sexually experienced. Overall, 104 women had high positive Pgp3Ab (5.4% [95% CI 4.0-7.0] of US women); 407 had lowpositive Pgp3Ab (25.1% [95% CI 21.5-29.0]), and 914 had negative Pgp3Ab (69.5% [95% CI 65.5-73.4]). Among women with high Pgp3Ab, infertility prevalence was 2.0 (95% CI 1.1-3.7) times higher than among Pgp3Ab-negative women (19.6% [95% CI 10.5-31.7] versus 9.9% [95% CI 7.7-12.4]). For women with low Pgp3Ab, PID prevalence was 7.9% (95% CI 4.6-12.6) compared to 2.3% (95% CI 1.4-3.6) in negative Pgp3Ab.
conclusionsHigh chlamydial Pgp3Ab seropositivity was associated with infertility although small sample size limited evaluation of an association of high seropositivity with PID. In infertile women, Pgp3Ab may be a marker of prior chlamydial infection.
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