ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2021
Recipient sex and estradiol levels affect transplant outcomes in an age-specific fashion.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex and gender as predictors for allograft and patient-relevant outcomes after kidney transplantation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Influence of donor sex and age on graft outcome in kidney transplantation.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Pooled it
- Proteomic profiling of plasma extracellular vesicles reveals a therapeutically targetable liver-heart axis in cardiac transplantation.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Alloimmunity and Other Immunological Considerations in Organ Transplantation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- An individualized prognostic nomogram integrating clinical and pathological features in pediatric IgA vasculitis nephritis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Kidney Health and Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy for Transgender and Gender Diverse Individuals.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2026Review
- Targeting androgen receptor signaling to enhance cancer immunotherapy.Trends in pharmacological sciences · 2025Review
- Impact of donor-recipient sex-matching patterns on liver transplantation outcomes: a cohort study based on United Network of Organ Sharing data.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2025Article
- Risk factors and clinical outcomes of serumJournal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
- Impact of Donor and Recipient Sex on Long-Term Outcomes Following Living Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Retrospective Dual-Center Study.Clinical transplantation · 2025Observational
- Reduced Functional Status among Kidney Transplant Recipients over Time and Associated Risks Post-Transplant.Clinical transplantation · 2025Article
- Sex- and Age-based Comparison of Key Clinical Markers of Immunity After Heart and Kidney Transplantation.Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Best practices of heart transplantation in mice.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Review
- The role of recipient sex in the post-liver transplant prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure.Journal of liver transplantation · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosomes and Sex Hormones: Dissecting the Forces That Differentiate Female and Male Hearts.Circulation · 2025Review
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Gender in post-cardiac transplant patients has no effect on the occurrence of death, major cardiovascular events or development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy.American journal of cardiovascular disease · 2025Article
- Potential nuances in renoprotective properties of estrogen in females.Kidney international · 2025Article
- The role of estrogen in cardiac transplantation: mechanistic insights and effects on clinical outcomes.Frontiers in transplantation · 2025Review
- Sex hormones in COVID-19 severity: The quest for evidence and influence mechanisms.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex-specific influences have been shown for a variety of diseases. Whether donor or recipient sex and sex hormone levels impact alloimmune responses remains unclear. In unifactorial and multifactorial analyses of more than 400 000 SRTR listed kidney transplant patients, we found that younger female recipients had an inferior death-censored graft survival that was independent of donor sex. In contrast, graft survival was superior in older female recipients, suggesting the impact of recipient sex hormones over chromosomal sex mismatches. Those clinical changes were delineated in experimental skin and heart transplant models showing a prolongation of graft survival in ovariectomized young female recipients. In contrast, graft survival was comparable in ovariectomized and naïve old female recipients. Young ovariectomized mice showed reduced amounts and a compromised T cell proliferation. Deprivation of female hormones dampened the production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.