ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2021
Spine dynamics in the brain, mental disorders and artificial neural networks.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed.
- Inhibiting fear memory recall-induced oligodendrogenesis rescues PTSD-like behaviors.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
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- miR-124 Ameliorates Spatial Memory Deficits in Rats Exposed to Single-Prolonged Stress by Downregulating IQGAP1 to Regulate Actin-Binding Proteins and Apoptosis in Hippocampal Neurons.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Dissociating the Hallucinogenic and Neuroplastic Effects of Psilocybin.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Remembering the "when": Hebbian memory models for the time of past events.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Evidence supporting the role of GIGYF2 in synapse development and autism.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Towards real-time additive-free dopamine detection at 10Nature communications · 2026Article
- Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 alleviates Alzheimer's disease in mice through OmpA-containing outer membrane vesicles.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Serotonergic modulation of excitatory synapse development and plasticity.Molecules and cells · 2026Review
- Small molecule modulation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor promotes dendritic spine resilience to pathogenic tau species and reduces their accumulation.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Dendritic heterosynaptic plasticity arises from calcium-based input learning.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Te/Si Mixed-Dimensional van der Waals Heterojunction for Artificial Bionic Visual Devices.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Representational drift reflects ongoing balancing of stochastic changes by Hebbian learning.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Multisensory Neuromorphic Devices: From Physics to Integration.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- New directions for complex systems in contemporary neuroscience: a morphodynamic and emergent function approach.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Review
- Cognitive training shapes brain plasticity and schematic representations.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Homeostasis of a representational map in the neocortex.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- In-material physical computing based on reconfigurable microwire arrays via halide-ion segregation.Nature communications · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the brain, most synapses are formed on minute protrusions known as dendritic spines. Unlike their artificial intelligence counterparts, spines are not merely tuneable memory elements: they also embody algorithms that implement the brain's ability to learn from experience and cope with new challenges. Importantly, they exhibit structural dynamics that depend on activity, excitatory input and inhibitory input (synaptic plasticity or 'extrinsic' dynamics) and dynamics independent of activity ('intrinsic' dynamics), both of which are subject to neuromodulatory influences and reinforcers such as dopamine. Here we succinctly review extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics, compare these with parallels in machine learning where they exist, describe the importance of intrinsic dynamics for memory management and adaptation, and speculate on how disruption of extrinsic and intrinsic dynamics may give rise to mental disorders. Throughout, we also highlight algorithmic features of spine dynamics that may be relevant to future artificial intelligence developments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
34050339What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.