ReviewNPJ schizophrenia2021
Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies.
Review in NPJ schizophrenia, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Early-Stage Psychotic Disorders.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Pooled it
- Circulating inflammatory proteins associated with risks of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a mendelian randomization study.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic models predicting transition to psychotic disorder using blood-based biomarkers: a systematic review and critical appraisal.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Untargeted plasma metabolomics identifies metabolite signatures associated with suicidality status in chronic schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Disorder-specific and shared genetic architecture underlying schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- The Pathobiological Underpinnings of Psychosis: From the Stress-Related Hypothesis to a Multisystemic Approach.NeuroSci · 2025Review
- C-reactive protein is associated with pain-type somatic symptoms independent of mental health symptoms in adolescents: Evidence from the ALSPAC study.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Family Support, C-Reactive Protein and Body Mass Index Among Outpatients with Schizophrenia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Inflammatory markers and cognitive deficits in first-episode psychoses - A cross-sectional study.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychiatric morbidity in people with autoimmune arthritides as a model of inflammatory mechanisms in mental disorders.BMJ mental health · 2025Article
- Immune-neuroendocrine crosstalk in mood and psychotic disorders: A meta-analysis and systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Navigating the Neuroimmunomodulation Frontier: Pioneering Approaches and Promising Horizons-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Genetic evidence for causal effects of immune dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: where are we?Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Higher Levels of C-reactive Protein Are Associated With Higher Cortical Surface Area and Lower Cortical Thickness in Youth With Bipolar Disorder.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Mitochondria-wide association study observed significant interactions of mitochondrial respiratory and the inflammatory in the development of anxiety and depression.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Discrimination and Inflammation in Adolescents of Color.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2023Article
- Increased blood neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with early life stress: translational findings in recent-onset schizophrenia and rodent model.Translational psychiatry · 2022Article
- Risk factors for metabolic syndrome in individuals with recent-onset psychosis at disease onset and after 1-year follow-up.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Role and Perspectives of Inflammation and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) in Psychosis: An Economic and Widespread Tool for Assessing the Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Meta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03-1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06-1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95-1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93-1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90-1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92-1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
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