Observational studyNature communications2021
A sand fly salivary protein acts as a neutrophil chemoattractant.
Observational study in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipid Mediators in Host-Pathogen Interactions duringACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Establishment of a transdermal infection model with Leishmania amazonensis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Advancing diagnosis of feline Leishmania infantum infection through experimental insights.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Population structure analysis of Phlebotomus papatasi populations using transcriptome microsatellites: possible implications for leishmaniasis control and vaccine development.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Neutrophils versus Protozoan Parasites:Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Rapid altitude displacement induce zebrafish appearing acute high altitude illness symptoms.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps formation: effect of Leishmania major promastigotes and salivary gland homogenates of Phlebotomus papatasi in human neutrophil culture.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Live attenuated-nonpathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- An overview of the sand fly salivary proteins in vaccine development against leishmaniases.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2022Review
- Immune Response to LinB13, a Lutzomyia Intermedia Salivary Protein Correlates With Disease Severity in Tegumentary Leishmaniasis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Skin: Dermal Parasite Transmission to Sand Flies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sand flies: Basic information on the vectors of leishmaniasis and their interactions with Leishmania parasites.Communications biology · 2022Review
- Pathogenic Exploitation of Lymphatic Vessels.Cells · 2022Review
- Some Good and Some Bad: Sand Fly Salivary Proteins in the Control of Leishmaniasis and in Autoimmunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Determinants of Innate Immunity in Visceral Leishmaniasis and Their Implication in Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- The Paradox of a Phagosomal Lifestyle: How Innate Host Cell-Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Apart from bacterial formyl peptides or viral chemokine mimicry, a non-vertebrate or insect protein that directly attracts mammalian innate cells such as neutrophils has not been molecularly characterized. Here, we show that members of sand fly yellow salivary proteins induce in vitro chemotaxis of mouse, canine and human neutrophils in transwell migration or EZ-TAXIScan assays. We demonstrate murine neutrophil recruitment in vivo using flow cytometry and two-photon intravital microscopy in Lysozyme-M-eGFP transgenic mice. We establish that the structure of this ~ 45 kDa neutrophil chemotactic protein does not resemble that of known chemokines. This chemoattractant acts through a G-protein-coupled receptor and is dependent on calcium influx. Of significance, this chemoattractant protein enhances lesion pathology (P < 0.0001) and increases parasite burden (P < 0.001) in mice upon co-injection with Leishmania parasites, underlining the impact of the sand fly salivary yellow proteins on disease outcome. These findings show that some arthropod vector-derived factors, such as this chemotactic salivary protein, activate rather than inhibit the host innate immune response, and that pathogens take advantage of these inflammatory responses to establish in the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.