Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34049993›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Intracounty modeling of COVID-19 infection with human mobility: Assessing spatial heterogeneity with business traffic, age, and race.

Xiao Hou, Song Gao, Qin Li, Yuhao Kang, Nan Chen, Kaiping Chen, Jinmeng Rao, Jordan S Ellenberg, Jonathan A Patz

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
59citing papers in PubMed
11.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

59 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Xiao HouDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Song GaoGeospatial Data Science Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; song.gao@wisc.edu qinli@math.wisc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4359-6302
Qin LiDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; song.gao@wisc.edu qinli@math.wisc.edu.
Yuhao KangGeospatial Data Science Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Nan ChenDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Kaiping ChenDepartment of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-5333
Jinmeng RaoGeospatial Data Science Lab, Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Jordan S EllenbergDepartment of Mathematics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
Jonathan A PatzSchool of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-9698
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global threat presenting health, economic, and social challenges that continue to escalate. Metapopulation epidemic modeling studies in the susceptible-exposed-infectious-removed (SEIR) style have played important roles in informing public health policy making to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. These models typically rely on a key assumption on the homogeneity of the population. This assumption certainly cannot be expected to hold true in real situations; various geographic, socioeconomic, and cultural environments affect the behaviors that drive the spread of COVID-19 in different communities. What's more, variation of intracounty environments creates spatial heterogeneity of transmission in different regions. To address this issue, we develop a human mobility flow-augmented stochastic SEIR-style epidemic modeling framework with the ability to distinguish different regions and their corresponding behaviors. This modeling framework is then combined with data assimilation and machine learning techniques to reconstruct the historical growth trajectories of COVID-19 confirmed cases in two counties in Wisconsin. The associations between the spread of COVID-19 and business foot traffic, race and ethnicity, and age structure are then investigated. The results reveal that, in a college town (Dane County), the most important heterogeneity is age structure, while, in a large city area (Milwaukee County), racial and ethnic heterogeneity becomes more apparent. Scenario studies further indicate a strong response of the spread rate to various reopening policies, which suggests that policy makers may need to take these heterogeneities into account very carefully when designing policies for mitigating the ongoing spread of COVID-19 and reopening.

Indexed as

Human MigrationModels, BiologicalPandemicsSARS-CoV-2CitiesCOVID-19HumansWisconsindata assimilationhuman mobilityneighborhood disparitiesspatial epidemiologystochastic COVID-19 spread modeling

Identifiers

PMID34049993
PMCPMC8214685
OpenAlexW3091692300

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.