ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2021
Evaluation of the EQ-5D-3L and 5L versions in low back pain patients.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01704677 (Lumbar Disc Prosthesis Versus Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Chronic Back Pain and Localized Degenerative Disc. Long Term Follow-up of a Randomized Multicentre Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lumbar Disc Prosthesis Versus Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Chronic Back Pain and Localized Degenerative Disc. Long Term Follow-up of a Randomized Multicentre Trial
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cost-effectiveness of Pilates compared with home-based exercises for people with chronic non-specific low back pain: a trial-based economic evaluation.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- 4-Week Comparative Outcomes of Standard Physiotherapy, Balneotherapy Plus Physiotherapy and Dextrose Prolotherapy in Patients with Low Back Pain: A Non-Randomized Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Trial
- A multidisciplinary pain management program for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized, single-blind, controlled, feasibility study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of Myofascial Release Combined With Capacitive-Resistive Therapy in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Sensitivity to change of generic preference-based instruments (EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and HUI3) in the context of treatment for people with prescription-type opioid use disorder in Canada.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Trial
- A Hospital Avoidance Pathway With Digitally Supported Follow-Up for Low Back Pain: An Alternative to Emergency Department Care.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2026Article
- Factors associated with preoperative health-related quality of life in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery: a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Exploring pain conceptualization in relation to outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective observational study.Croatian medical journal · 2026Observational
- Open and closed loop differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation in patients with persistent spinal pain syndrome type II: protocol for a one year European multicenter cohort study (ENDLESS).Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Fluoroscopy-guided Sacroiliac Joint Block versus Conservative Management in Sacroiliitis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025Article
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- Article
- Validation of the arabic version of the EuroQol-5-dimension 5-level (EQ-5D-5 L) in patients with spinal degenerative diseases.BMC public health · 2024Article
- How do survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest perceive their health compared to the norm population? A nationwide registry study from Norway.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Analysis of Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Stroke Complicated by Hypertension in China Using the EQ-5D-3L Scale.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2024Article
- Comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Subjects suffering from bipolar disorder taking lithium are less likely to report physical pain: a FACE-BD study.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2023Article
- The Norwegian registry for spine surgery (NORspine): cohort profile.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Article
- Psychometric Assessment of the Swedish version of the Work Ability Index in Patients with Chronic Pain in Specialized Care.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe EuroQol EQ-5D is one of the most widely researched and applied patient-reported outcome measures worldwide. The original EQ-5D-3L and more recent EQ-5D-5L include three and five response categories respectively. Evidence from healthy and sick populations shows that the additional two response categories improve measurement properties but there has not been a concurrent comparison of the two versions in patients with low back pain (LBP).
methodsLBP patients taking part in a multicenter randomized controlled trial of lumbar total disc replacement and conservative treatment completed the EQ-5D-3L and 5L in an eight-year follow-up questionnaire. The 3L and 5L were assessed for aspects of data quality including missing data, floor and ceiling effects, response consistency, and based on a priori hypotheses, associations with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Pain-Visual Analogue Scales and Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-25).
resultsAt the eight-year follow-up, 151 (87%) patients were available and 146 completed both the 3L and 5L. Levels of missing data were the same for the two versions. Compared to the EQ-5D-5L, the 3L had significantly higher floor (pain discomfort) and ceiling effects (mobility, self-care, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). For these patients the EQ-5D-5L described 73 health states compared to 28 for the 3L. Shannon's indices showed the 5L outperformed the 3L in tests of classification efficiency. Correlations with the ODI, Pain-VAS and HSCL-25 were largely as hypothesized, the 5L having slightly higher correlations than the 3L.
conclusionThe EQ-5D assesses important aspect of health in LBP patients and the 5L improves upon the 3L in this respect. The EQ-5D-5L is recommended in preference to the 3L version, however, further testing in other back pain populations together with additional measurement properties, including responsiveness to change, is recommended.
trial registrationretrospectively registered: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01704677 .
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.