ArticleJournal of clinical gastroenterology2022
Gluten-induced Neurocognitive Impairment: Results of a Nationwide Study.
Article in Journal of clinical gastroenterology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viruses and celiac disease: what do we know ?Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Celiac Disease and the Nervous System: A Comprehensive Overview of Neurological Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond the Gut: Brain Fog, Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function and Quality of Life in Celiac Disease.Nutrients · 2026Observational
- Early-life gastrointestinal inflammation and the developing brain: Unravelling the pathways to long-term cognitive dysfunction.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Nutritional Approaches to Managing Brain Fog: Insights Into Neuroinflammation, the Gut-brain Axis, and Sleep.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Brain Fog: a Narrative Review of the Most Common Mysterious Cognitive Disorder in COVID-19.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Extra-digestive manifestations of celiac disease.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2024Article
- Associations between Celiac Disease, Extra-Gastrointestinal Manifestations, and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Overview.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Editorial: Peering through the fog-New tools to assess neurocognitive symptoms in coeliac disease.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2024Review
- Gluten serological testing in various dog breeds with paroxysmal dyskinesia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: What Is It, How Is It Measured, and What Can Be Done About It.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
goalsThis study aimed to understand the neurocognitive symptoms associated with gluten exposure in individuals with self-reported celiac disease (CD) and nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
backgroundWhile gluten-induced neurocognitive impairment (GINI; eg, "celiac fog" or "brain fog") is commonly described by individuals with CD and NCGS, there are little data regarding the prevalence and symptoms associated with these experiences. STUDY: A 9-question online survey was accessed by 1396 individuals (1143 with CD; 253 with NCGS). Forced choice and free-response questions were asked of participants to obtain a description of neurocognitive symptoms experienced after gluten ingestion. Free-response answers were coded using a coding structure developed based on the Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument.
resultsThe majority of survey participants (89% of CD and 95% of NCGS) reported having GINI symptoms. When describing symptoms, the most common word descriptors for both groups were difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, and grogginess. Timing of symptoms, including onset and symptom peak, were similar across the 2 groups. Coding of free responses found the most common references were to cognitive, physical, psychological, and overall quality of life impacts.
conclusionsThis survey suggests that GINI is common and may be severe in both individuals with CD and NCGS. Cognitive impairment and decline in physical functioning may be similar to that occurring in other illnesses, such as lupus. Clinical follow-up with both individuals with CD and NCGS should include assessment of GINI symptoms. Further research is warranted, including the development of a patient-reported outcome measure including neurocognitive effects of gluten exposure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.