Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34048902›Full record

ArticleNeuroImage2021

Joint super-resolution and synthesis of 1 mm isotropic MP-RAGE volumes from clinical MRI exams with scans of different orientation, resolution and contrast.

Juan Eugenio Iglesias, Benjamin Billot, Yaël Balbastre, Azadeh Tabari, John Conklin, R Gilberto González, Daniel C Alexander, Polina Golland, Brian L Edlow, Bruce Fischl and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in NeuroImage, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
75citing papers in PubMed
0.7field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

75 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. MRI Characterization of Structural Brain Abnormalities in NGLY1 Deficiency.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026
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  10. The modular nature of long-association pathways in the human brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  14. Targeting depression circuitry with H1 coil Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: a retrospective circuit mapping study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
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  17. MPRAGEMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2025
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  20. Article

15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Juan Eugenio IglesiasCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA. Electronic address: e.iglesias@ucl.ac.uk.
Benjamin BillotCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK.
Yaël BalbastreCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK.
Azadeh TabariAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
John ConklinAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
R Gilberto GonzálezAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Neuroradiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
Daniel C AlexanderCentre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK.
Polina GollandComputer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA.
Brian L EdlowAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
Bruce FischlAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeData used in preparation of this article were obtained from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing of ADNI investigators can be found at: http://adni.loni.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/how_to_apply/ADNI_Acknowledgement_List.pdf.
Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging · USUniversity College London · GBHarvard University · USMassachusetts Institute of Technology · US

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative - SupplementU01AG024904 · NIA · NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE RES &EDUC · PI WEINER, MICHAEL W · 2004 to 2015
$121.0M
DISCOVERY - Statistics and Analysis CoreU19NS115388 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Steven M Greenberg, Natalia S Rost · 2019 to 2026
$75.4M
Training and DisseminationP41EB015902 · NIBIB · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI WESTIN, CARL-FREDRIK · 2012 to 2022
$20.9M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DEMENTIA IN THE FRAMINGHAM STUDYR01AG008122 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA, SESHADRI, SUDHA · 1989 to 2015
$14.4M
MRI, Genetics &Cognitive Precursors of AD &DementiaR01AG016495 · NIA · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI AU, RHODA · 1999 to 2016
$12.5M
The Human Connectome Project (HCP)U01MH093765 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ROSEN, BRUCE R · 2010 to 2014
$12.1M
The Late Effects of TBI (LETBI) Study: Injury Patterns and Biological Markers of Post-Traumatic NeurodegenerationRF1NS115268 · NINDS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI Kristen Dams-O'Connor · 2019 to 2026
$10.3M
Project 4P41EB015896 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI ROSEN, BRUCE R · 2012 to 2018
$9.8M
Imaging and Analysis Techniques to Construct a Cell Census Atlas of the Human Brain Admin SupplementU01MH117023 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BOAS, DAVID A, FISCHL, BRUCE · 2018 to 2022
$7.6M
Neuropathology of CTE and Delayed Effects of TBI: Toward In-Vivo DiagnosticsU01NS086625 · NINDS · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI DAMS-O'CONNOR, KRISTEN · 2014 to 2017
$6.1M
FreeSurfer Development, Maintenance, and HardeningR01EB023281 · NIBIB · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Bruce Fischl, Douglas Nowlin Greve · 2016 to 2026
$5.6M
A Longitudinal Analysis Stream for FreeSurferR01NS083534 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI Bruce Fischl · 2014 to 2026
$4.6M
CIHRDepartment of HealthNCRR NIH HHS S10 RR019307NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR023043NCRR NIH HHS S10 RR023401NIA NIH HHS R01 AG008122NIA NIH HHS R01 AG016495NIA NIH HHS R01 AG064027NIA NIH HHS R01 AG070988NIA NIH HHS R56 AG064027NIA NIH HHS U01 AG024904NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015896NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB015902NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB006758NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB019956NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB023281NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB018907NICHD NIH HHS DP2 HD101400NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD100009NIDDK NIH HHS R21 DK108277NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH123195NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH093765NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH117023NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS070963NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS083534NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS105820NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS072652NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS109627NINDS NIH HHS RF1 NS115268NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS086625NINDS NIH HHS U19 NS115388
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Most existing algorithms for automatic 3D morphometry of human brain MRI scans are designed for data with near-isotropic voxels at approximately 1 mm resolution, and frequently have contrast constraints as well-typically requiring T1-weighted images (e.g., MP-RAGE scans). This limitation prevents the analysis of millions of MRI scans acquired with large inter-slice spacing in clinical settings every year. In turn, the inability to quantitatively analyze these scans hinders the adoption of quantitative neuro imaging in healthcare, and also precludes research studies that could attain huge sample sizes and hence greatly improve our understanding of the human brain. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are producing outstanding results in super-resolution and contrast synthesis of MRI. However, these approaches are very sensitive to the specific combination of contrast, resolution and orientation of the input images, and thus do not generalize to diverse clinical acquisition protocols - even within sites. In this article, we present SynthSR, a method to train a CNN that receives one or more scans with spaced slices, acquired with different contrast, resolution and orientation, and produces an isotropic scan of canonical contrast (typically a 1 mm MP-RAGE). The presented method does not require any preprocessing, beyond rigid coregistration of the input scans. Crucially, SynthSR trains on synthetic input images generated from 3D segmentations, and can thus be used to train CNNs for any combination of contrasts, resolutions and orientations without high-resolution real images of the input contrasts. We test the images generated with SynthSR in an array of common downstream analyses, and show that they can be reliably used for subcortical segmentation and volumetry, image registration (e.g., for tensor-based morphometry), and, if some image quality requirements are met, even cortical thickness morphometry. The source code is publicly available at https://github.com/BBillot/SynthSR.

Indexed as

Deep LearningBrainComputer SimulationHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingModels, TheoreticalNeuroimagingClinical scansConvolutional neural networkPublic softwareSuper-resolution

Identifiers

PMID34048902
PMCPMC8354427
OpenAlexW3115915490

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.