ReviewThe Biochemical journal2021
Understanding amphisomes.
Review in The Biochemical journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosome Biogenesis: Meta-Analysis of Intraluminal Vesicle Size Across Species.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- The Dual Role of Glial Extracellular Vesicles in Neurodegeneration: Insights from iPSC-Based Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- TOM1 family proteins: from cargo sorting to immune dysregulation and cancer.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- The Small Molecule H89 Facilitates Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicle Release and Optimizes Therapeutic Efficacy in Liver Regeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Ubiquitin ligase RCHY1 regulates autophagosome-lysosome fusion.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Two Routes for Removing Unhealthy Mitochondria: Degradation and Secretion.Circulation research · 2026Review
- Illuminating Mouse Renal Proximal Tubule Architecture through High-Resolution Volume EM and Machine Learning Analysis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Article
- The P2X4 purinergic receptor controls the autophagy-related release of small extracellular vesicles from mammary cancer cells under hypoxia.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Rsp5/NEDD4 and ESCRT regulate TDP-43 toxicity and turnover via an endolysosomal clearance mechanism.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicle-based targeted protein degradation platform for multiple extracellular proteins.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Autophagy-lysosomal pathway in neurodegeneration.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- Targeting the secretory autophagy-extracellular vesicle interface: fate decisions and translational opportunities.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Cholesterol Deficiency Directs Autophagy-Dependent Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Autophagic extracellular vesicles (AEVs) are distinct from exosomes and play crucial roles in viral infections.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Crosstalk of Autophagy and Apoptosis: A Role for Lipid Rafts.Cells · 2025Review
- Hemifusomes and interacting proteolipid nanodroplets mediate multi-vesicular body formation.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The role of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in ameliorating chronic diseases.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Cholesterol deficiency directs autophagy-dependent secretion of extracellular vesicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Amphisomes are intermediate/hybrid organelles produced through the fusion of endosomes with autophagosomes within cells. Amphisome formation is an essential step during a sequential maturation process of autophagosomes before their ultimate fusion with lysosomes for cargo degradation. This process is highly regulated with multiple protein machineries, such as SNAREs, Rab GTPases, tethering complexes, and ESCRTs, are involved to facilitate autophagic flux to proceed. In neurons, autophagosomes are robustly generated in axonal terminals and then rapidly fuse with late endosomes to form amphisomes. This fusion event allows newly generated autophagosomes to gain retrograde transport motility and move toward the soma, where proteolytically active lysosomes are predominantly located. Amphisomes are not only the products of autophagosome maturation but also the intersection of the autophagy and endo-lysosomal pathways. Importantly, amphisomes can also participate in non-canonical functions, such as retrograde neurotrophic signaling or autophagy-based unconventional secretion by fusion with the plasma membrane. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the recent discoveries and advancements on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying amphisome biogenesis and the emerging roles of amphisomes. We discuss recent developments towards the understanding of amphisome regulation as well as the implications in the context of major neurodegenerative diseases, with a comparative focus on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.