Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34047268›Full record

Trial reportPublic health nutrition2021

Maternal characteristics influence infant feeding styles in Caribbean women.

Amika S Wright, Marshall K Tulloch-Reid, Susan M Chang, Susan P Walker

Open access · bronzeAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Public health nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.6field-weighted citation impact, top 32% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A Scoping Review of Instruments Used to Measure Weight and Body Composition in Infants Under 1 Year.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Amika S WrightCaribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Marshall K Tulloch-ReidCaribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Susan M ChangCaribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Susan P WalkerCaribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
University of the West Indies · JM

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo examine associations between maternal characteristics and feeding styles in Caribbean mothers.

designParticipants were mother-child pairs enrolled in a cluster randomised trial of a parenting intervention in three Caribbean islands. Maternal characteristics were obtained by questionnaires when infants were 6-8 weeks old. Items adapted from the Toddler Feeding Behaviour Questionnaire were used to assess infant feeding styles at the age of 1 year. Feeding styles were identified using factor analysis and associations with maternal characteristics assessed using multilevel linear regression.

settingHealth clinics in St. Lucia (n 9), Antigua (n 10) and Jamaica (n 20).

participantsA total of 405 mother-child pairs from the larger trial.

resultsMaternal depressive symptoms were associated with uninvolved (β = 0·38, 95 % CI (0·14, 0·62)), restrictive (β = 0·44, 95 % CI (0·19, 0·69)) and forceful (β = 0·31, 95 % CI (0·06, 0·57)) feeding and inversely associated with responsive feeding (β = -0·30, 95 % CI (-0·56, -0·05)). Maternal vocabulary was inversely associated with uninvolved (β = -0·31, 95 % CI (-0·57, -0·06)), restrictive (β = -0·30, 95 % CI (-0·56, -0·04)), indulgent (β = -0·47, 95 % CI (-0·73, -0·21)) and forceful (β = -0·54, 95 % CI (-0·81, -0·28)) feeding. Indulgent feeding was negatively associated with socio-economic status (β = -0·27, 95 % CI (-0·53, -0·00)) and was lower among mothers ≥35 years (β = -0·32, 95 % CI (-0·62, -0·02)). Breast-feeding at 1 year was associated with forceful feeding (β = 0·41, 95 % CI (0·21, 0·61)). No significant associations were found between maternal education, BMI, occupation and feeding styles.

conclusionServices to identify and assist mothers with depressive symptoms may benefit infant feeding style. Interventions to promote responsive feeding may be important for less educated, younger and socio-economically disadvantaged mothers.

Indexed as

MothersParentingBreast FeedingEthnicityFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansInfantSurveys and QuestionnairesFeeding stylesMaternal characteristicsNon-responsive feedingResponsive feeding

Identifiers

PMID34047268
PMCPMC11148589
OpenAlexW3164794057

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.