Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34047264›Full record

SynthesisPsychological medicine2023

Two decades of digital interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment effectiveness.

Darin Pauley, Pim Cuijpers, Davide Papola, Clara Miguel, Eirini Karyotaki

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Psychological medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 95 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 16 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06017414 nacompletednot on this map

Systemic Psychotherapy-informed Self-help and Paraprofessional Training in a Naturalistic Setting

TypeinterventionalSponsorGunther MeinlschmidtRan2023 to 2024Enrolled222ConditionsPsychological DistressArmsSystemic Psychotherapy-informed Growth Path, Systemic Psychotherapy-informed Listener Training
NCT07140497 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Reduction of Anxiety Through Dual Mental Health Treatment: Digital-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and National Board for Health and Wellness Coaching (NBHWC) Mental Health Coaches for People With Disabilities (RADD)

TypeinterventionalSponsorToivoa IncRan2026 to 2027Enrolled200ConditionsHearing Disability, Anxiety, Mobility DisabilityArmsSham Digital Program - General health education and interactive quizzes unrelated to anxiety or CBT., Toivoa-001 - A digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program combined with NBHWC-certified coaching.
NCT07195292 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Reduction of Depression Through Dual Mental Health Treatment: Digital-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and National Board for Health and Wellness Coaching (NBHWC) Mental Health Coaches for People With Disabilities (ReDu)

TypeinterventionalSponsorToivoa IncRan2026 to 2027Enrolled200ConditionsHearing Disability, Depression, Mobility DisabilityArmsSham Digital Program - General health education and interactive quizzes unrelated to depression or CBT., Toivoa-002 - A digital Cognitive Behavioral Therapy program combined with NBHWC-certified coaching.
NCT07391943 completednot on this mapstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of a Self-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Protocol Via Mobile Application in Patients With Treatment-Resistant Panic Disorder: An Open-Label Trial

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRan2024 to 2025Enrolled45ConditionsPanic DisorderArmsExperimental - Self-Guided CBT Mobile App
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Darin PauleyDepartment of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-3354-8537
Pim CuijpersDepartment of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5497-2743
Davide PapolaDepartment of Neuroscience, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Mental Health and Service Evaluation, Biomedicine and Movement Science, Section of Psychiatry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6482-8593
Clara MiguelDepartment of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-5563-5896
Eirini KaryotakiDepartment of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-0071-2599

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigital interventions for anxiety disorders are a promising solution to address barriers to evidence-based treatment access. Precise and powerful estimates of digital intervention effectiveness for anxiety disorders are necessary for further adoption in practice. The present systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of digital interventions across all anxiety disorders and specific to each disorder

methodsA systematic search of bibliographic databases identified 15 030 abstracts from inception to 1 January 2020. Forty-seven randomized controlled trials (53 comparisons; 4958 participants) contributed to the meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were conducted by an anxiety disorder, risk of bias, treatment support, recruitment, location and treatment adherence.

resultsA large, pooled effect size of

conclusionThe precise and powerful estimates found further justify the application of digital interventions for anxiety disorders in place of wait-list or usual care.

Indexed as

Panic DisorderPhobia, SocialAnxietyAnxiety DisordersHumansTreatment OutcomeAnxiety disordersdigital interventionseffectivenesseffect sizemeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID34047264
PMCPMC9899576

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.