ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2021
Invasive Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Spain: a microbiological and epidemiological study covering the period 2007-2019.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in macrolide and lincosamide resistance in Streptococcus species: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Sudden re-emergence ofNew microbes and new infections · 2026Article
- Rare emm6.10Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Severe invasiveJournal of intensive medicine · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Severe Pediatric Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease.JAMA network open · 2025Observational
- Choosing Wisely: Effectiveness and Safety of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Close Contacts of Invasive Group A Streptococci Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Group A Streptococcus vulvovaginitis in Spain, 2011-2023: antibiotic resistance and emm-type distribution.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- Invasive group A Streptococcus infection (Streptococcus pyogenes): Current situation in Spain.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Article
- Clinical Snapshot of Group A Streptococcal Isolates from an Australian Tertiary Hospital.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Divergent effects ofJournal of clinical microbiology · 2024Article
- Clinical, microbiological, and molecular characterization of pediatric invasive infections bymSphere · 2024Article
- A Case of Necrotizing Fasciitis/Myositis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused byInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Rising clindamycin resistance in group A Streptococcus in an Irish healthcare institution.Access microbiology · 2024Article
- Invasive infections by group A Streptococcus infections in Brazil: a pediatric case series.Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo · 2024Article
- Changes in Group A Streptococcus emm Types Associated with Invasive Infections in Adults, Spain, 2023.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Group A Streptococcus invasive infection in children: Epidemiologic changes and implications.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2023Review
- Article
- Incidence and clinical and microbiological features of invasive and probable invasive streptococcal group A infections in children and adults in the Brussels-Capital Region, 2005-2020.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2023Article
- Epidemiological analysis of Group A streptococcus infection diseases among children in Beijing, China under COVID-19 pandemic.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- National Surveillance of Tetracycline, Erythromycin, and Clindamycin Resistance in InvasiveAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to present the first nationwide microbiological and epidemiological study of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease in Spain. One thousand eight hundred ninety-three iGAS isolates were analyzed over 2007-2019. emm typing was performed by sequencing the gene's variable 5' end, exotoxin genes were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility explored via the E test and disk diffusion. Five hundred twenty-three isolates were associated with sepsis, 292 with cellulitis, 232 with scarlet fever, 153 with pneumonia, 141 with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome, and 94 with necrotizing fasciitis. The most prevalent emm types were emm1 (449/1893 isolates), emm89 (210/1893), emm3 (208/1893), emm4 (150/1893), emm12 (112/1893) emm6 (107/1893), emm87 (89/1893), emm28 (88/1893), emm75 (78/1893), emm77 (78/1893), emm11 (58/1893), and emm22 (35/1893). emm1, emm3, emm4, and emm6 were the predominant types affecting children (mostly respiratory infections), while emm11, emm77, and emm89 prevailed in the elderly (mostly skin infections). Each emm type was associated with one or more exotoxin gene (spe, sme, and ssa) profiles. speA was detected in 660 isolates, speB in 1829, speC in 1014, speF in 1826, speG in 1651, speJ in 716, speH in 331, smeZ in 720, and ssa in 512. Isolates with speA were associated with the most severe infections. Penicillin susceptibility was universal. Two hundred twenty-four isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 169 to erythromycin, and 81 to clindamycin. Tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin resistance rates declined over the study period. The above information could serve as the basis for continued surveillance efforts designed to control disease cause by this bacterium.
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