ArticleERJ open research2021
Type 2 diabetes risk in sarcoidosis patients untreated and treated with corticosteroids.
Article in ERJ open research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence for nephrolithiasis preceding sarcoidosis diagnosis: findings from a Swedish case-control study.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Sarcoidosis data-driven patient trajectories and predictors of chronic disease.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Immunosuppressive Therapies in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Practical, Evidence-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Interferon Upregulation Associates with Insulin Resistance in Humans.Current diabetes reviews · 2025Review
- Rheumatologic Perspectives on Sarcoidosis: Predicting Sarcoidosis-Associated Arthritis Through Comprehensive Clinical and Laboratory Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Blood glucose and lipids are associated with sarcoidosis: findings from observational and mendelian randomization studies.Respiratory research · 2024Observational
- Acthar Gel in African Americans versus Non-African Americans with Symptomatic Sarcoidosis: Physician Assessment of Patient Medical Records.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2024Article
- Bioinformatic meta-analysis reveals novel differentially expressed genes and pathways in sarcoidosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The Risk of Sarcoidosis Misdiagnosis and the Harmful Effect of Corticosteroids When the Disease Picture Is Incomplete.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Cost-Effectiveness of Acthar Gel versus Standard of Care for the Treatment of Advanced Symptomatic Sarcoidosis.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2023Article
- Safety of corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis treatment.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2023Review
- Comorbidities of sarcoidosis.Annals of medicine · 2022Review
- Risk and predictors of heart failure in sarcoidosis in a population-based cohort study from Sweden.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2022Article
- Sarcoidosis: Updates on therapeutic drug trials and novel treatment approaches.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is increased in sarcoidosis patients but it is unknown if corticosteroid treatment plays a role. We investigated whether the T2D risk is higher in untreated and corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis patients compared with the general population.
methodsIn this cohort study, individuals with two or more International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) codes for sarcoidosis were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR) (n=5754). Corticosteroid dispensations within 3 months before or after the first sarcoidosis diagnosis were identified from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (PDR). General population comparators without sarcoidosis were matched to cases 10:1 on age, sex and region of residence (n=61 297). Incident T2D was identified using ICD codes (NPR) and antidiabetic drug dispensations (PDR). Follow-up was from the second sarcoidosis diagnosis/matching date until T2D, emigration, death or study end (December 2013). Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, country of birth, healthcare regions and family history of diabetes were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). We used flexible parametric models to examine the T2D risk over time.
results40% of sarcoidosis patients were treated with corticosteroid at diagnosis. The T2D rate was 7.7 per 1000 person-years in untreated sarcoidosis, 12.7 per 1000 person-years in corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis and 5.5 per 1000 person-years in comparators. The HR for T2D was 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-1.8) associated with untreated sarcoidosis and 2.3 (95% CI 2.0-3.0) associated with corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis. The T2D risk was highest for corticosteroid-treated sarcoidosis in the first 2 years after diagnosis.
conclusionsSarcoidosis is associated with an increased risk of T2D especially in older, male, corticosteroid-treated patients at diagnosis. Screening for T2D for these patients is advisable.
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Registered trials
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