Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34046433›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in robotics and AI2021

A Systematic Review of Robotic Rehabilitation for Cognitive Training.

Fengpei Yuan, Elizabeth Klavon, Ziming Liu, Ruth Palan Lopez, Xiaopeng Zhao

Open access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in robotics and AI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
12.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Robotic rehabilitation with the LokomatFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Automated planning and scheduling in robot-aided rehabilitation: a review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Can humanoid robots be used as a cognitive offloading tool?Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2025
    Review
  14. Utilization of robot devices in exercise rehabilitation fields.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Fengpei YuanDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
Elizabeth KlavonDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
Ziming LiuDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
Ruth Palan LopezSchool of Nursing, MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, United States.
Xiaopeng ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States.
University of Tennessee at Knoxville · USMGH Institute of Health Professions · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A large and increasing number of people around the world experience cognitive disability. Rehabilitation robotics has provided promising training and assistance approaches to mitigate cognitive deficits. In this article, we carried out a systematic review on recent developments in robot-assisted cognitive training. We included 99 articles in this work and described their applications, enabling technologies, experiments, and products. We also conducted a meta analysis on the articles that evaluated robot-assisted cognitive training protocol with primary end users (i.e., people with cognitive disability). We identified major limitations in current robotics rehabilitation for cognitive training, including the small sample size, non-standard measurement of training and uncontrollable factors. There are still multifaceted challenges in this field, including ethical issues, user-centered (or stakeholder-centered) design, the reliability, trust, and cost-effectiveness, personalization of the robot-assisted cognitive training system. Future research shall also take into consideration human-robot collaboration and social cognition to facilitate a natural human-robot interaction.

Indexed as

cognitive disabilityhuman-robot interactionmultimodal interactionrehabilitation roboticsrobot-assisted cognitive trainingsocially assistive robotics

Identifiers

PMID34046433
PMCPMC8144708
OpenAlexW3160498485

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.