ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021
Placenta-Derived Exosomes as a Modulator in Maternal Immune Tolerance During Pregnancy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Applications of Exosomes in Female Medicine: A Systematic Review of Molecular Biology, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Small extracellular vesicles: connecting early life exposure outcomes to air pollution during pregnancy to early childhood health.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Pooled it
- Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 in Regulating Fetal-Maternal Immune Tolerance in Normal and Pathological Pregnancy.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Maternal kidney adaptation and function in pregnancy: review and perspectives.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- Maternal Exercise and Nutrition Function as Interconnected Regulators of Embryonic Organogenesis and Fetal Development.Nutrients · 2026Review
- EVT-Derived Migrasomes Provide Mechanistic Insights Into Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Associated Recurrent Miscarriage.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Article
- [Interaction between oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in fetal membranes: One Health].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2026Review
- Placenta-derived small extracellular vesicles transfer miR-520d-5p to mediate pancreatic β-cell injury in gestational diabetes mellitus by targeting SIRT1.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles (pdEVs): Key Mediators That Affect the Metabolic Health of Offspring in Early Nutritional Environments.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Small Vesicles Big Impact: Exosomes in the Landscape of Women's Health.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Article
- Characteristics of Exosomes and Microbiota in the Decidua of Patients With Early Pregnancy Loss and Their Impact on Trophoblast Cells.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B Vaccine Response in Children of Vaccinated Versus Unvaccinated Mothers: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2026Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Cost-optimized placenta-targeted nanoparticle for localized immune cloaking in recurrent pregnancy loss.Reproduction & fertility · 2025Article
- Exploring the Vertical Transmission of Exosomes in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Pregnancy Complications.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2025Review
- LncRNA Profiling and ceRNA Network Construction of Intrauterine Exosomes in Goats During Embryo Implantation.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Deciphering the Molecular Dialogue: Mitochondria, Epigenetics, and Extracellular Vesicles in Placental Function and Pregnancy Complications.Comprehensive Physiology · 2025Review
- The revolutionary role of placental derivatives in biomedical research.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- First trimester extravillous trophoblast secretes HLA class I molecules via small extracellular vesicles.Placenta · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles with an average diameter of ~100nm. Exosomes are released by all cells through an endosome-dependent pathway and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, cytokines and metabolites, mirroring the state of the originating cells. The function of exosomes has been implicated in various reproduction processes, such as embryo development, implantation, decidualization and placentation. Placenta-derived exosomes (pEXO) can be detected in the maternal blood as early as 6 weeks after conception and their levels increase with gestational age. Importantly, alternations in the molecular signatures of pEXO are observed in pregnancy-related complications. Thus, these differentially expressed molecules could be the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of the pregnancy-associated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that pEXO play a key role in the establishment of maternal immune tolerance, which is critical for a successful pregnancy. To gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanism, we highlighted the advanced studies of pEXO on immune cells in pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.