ReviewRisk management and healthcare policy2021
Intradermal Vaccination: A Potential Tool in the Battle Against the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Review in Risk management and healthcare policy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 as a first booster after a ChAdOx1 primary series in a Thai geriatric population living with frailty.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Messenger RNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Booster Administered by Intradermal or Intramuscular Route in Thai Older Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of accelerated regimens of fractional intradermal COVID-19 vaccinations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Multi-Epitope Vaccine Incorporating GRA14, SAG1, and GRA1 Antigens ofVaccines · 2026Article
- Consensus statement on mesotherapy for clinical and regulatory practice.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- International Consensus Guidelines on the Safe and Evidence-Based Practice of Mesotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Statement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Study of the effectiveness of combined rabies-tetanus vaccine as compared to individual vaccines.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Design and Evaluation of Synthetic Delivery Formulations for Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccines.BME frontiers · 2024Article
- Predicting herd immunity achievement: a time-series analysis of vaccination and fatality rates using 1,075 days of COVID-19 data.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Detachable-dissolvable-microneedle as a potent subunit vaccine delivery device that requires no cold-chain.Vaccine: X · 2023Article
- Refining Immunogenicity through Intradermal Delivery of Outer Membrane Vesicles againstInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A Promising Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector for Augmentation of Immunity by Intradermal Injection as a Physical Adjuvant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 S1 Subunit Protein Vaccination Elicits Robust Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaque Controllers.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Induction of potent antitumor immunity by intradermal DNA injection using a novel needle-free pyro-drive jet injector.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Fractional Dosing of Yellow Fever Live Attenuated 17D Vaccine: A Perspective.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Does an Intradermal Vaccination for Monkeypox Make Sense?The AAPS journal · 2022Article
- Intradermal Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis: Current Evidence.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunogenicity and safety of an intradermal ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 boost in a healthy population.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This narrative review is the final output of an initiative of the SIM (Italian Society of Mesotherapy). A narrative review of scientific literature on the efficacy of fractional intradermal vaccination in comparison with full doses has been conducted for the following pathogens: influenza virus, rabies virus, poliovirus (PV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis bacterias (DTP), human papillomavirus (HPV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JE), meningococcus, varicella zoster virus (VZV) and yellow fever virus. The findings suggest that the use of the intradermal route represents a valid strategy in terms of efficacy and efficiency for influenza, rabies and HBV vaccines. Some systematic reviews on influenza vaccines suggest the absence of a substantial difference between immunogenicity induced by a fractional ID dose of up to 20% and the IM dose in healthy adults, elderly, immunocompromised patients and children. Clinical studies of remaining vaccines against other pathogens (HAV, DTP bacterias, JE, meningococcal disease, VZV, and yellow fever virus) are scarce, but promising. In the context of a COVID-19 vaccine shortage, countries should investigate if a fractional dosing scheme may help to save doses and achieve herd immunity quickly. SIM urges the scientific community and health authorities to investigate the potentiality of fractionate intradermal administration in anti-COVID-19 vaccination.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.