ArticleJournal of inflammation research2021
Upregulation of Neuronal Cylindromatosis Expression is Essential for Electroacupuncture-Mediated Alleviation of Neuroinflammatory Injury by Regulating Microglial Polarization in Rats Subjected to Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion.
Article in Journal of inflammation research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electroacupuncture Ameliorating Cerebral I/R-Induced Inflammatory Response through the TLR/TRAF6/NF-κB Pathway.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Exerkine-Mediated Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neuroprotection: Mechanistic Insights and the Role of Exercise.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture Modulates Multiple Pathways for Neuroprotection and Neurorepair in Ischemic Stroke.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Acupuncture Activates PI3K/Akt Pathway to Promote Spinal Microglial M2 Polarization and Alleviate Spastic Hemiplegia Following Ischemic Stroke.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Acupuncture in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Mechanistic Narrative Review of Innate Immune Sensing and Regulated Cell Death-Related Inflammatory Amplification.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Novel insights of acupuncture in ischemic stroke: orchestrating neuro-endocrine-immune network.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture Protects Against Post-stroke Cognitive Impairment by Promoting an IL-33/ST2 Axis-Mediated Microglia M2 Polarization.Neurochemical research · 2025Article
- Role of CYLD in brain physiology and pathology.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Mechanism of Acupuncture Regulating Autophagy: Progress and Prospect.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Research progress of deubiquitinating enzymes in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Targeting the neurovascular unit: Therapeutic potential of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Therapeutic strategies targeting the NLRP3‑mediated inflammatory response and pyroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2024Review
- The immunomodulatory mechanism of acupuncture treatment for ischemic stroke: research progress, prospects, and future direction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 deficiency induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and autoinflammation of macrophages in a murine endolymphatic hydrops model.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) Alleviates Brain Ischemic Injury by Regulating Neuronal Oxidative Stress, Pyroptosis, and Mitophagy.Mediators of inflammation · 2023Article
- SOCS1 Mediates Berberine-Induced Amelioration of Microglial Activated States in N9 Microglia Exposed toBioMed research international · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundActivated microglia are polarized into the M1 or M2 phenotype. We previously reported that electroacupuncture (EA) effectively prevented nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation and improved neuronal C-X-C motif 3 chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) expression, repressing microglial activation by upregulating neuronal cylindromatosis (CYLD) expression in the periischemic cortex. However, the potential mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we explored whether EA improved CYLD protein expression to regulate microglial polarization-mediated neuroinflammation and the potential mechanisms in an ischemic stroke model.
methodsA middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The rats were treated with EA at the Baihui, Hegu and Taichong acupoints once daily beginning 2 h after focal cerebral ischemia. CYLD gene interference was used to investigate the role of CYLD in microglial polarization. We used neurobehavioral evaluations and TTC staining to examine the neuroprotective effect of EA via CYLD upregulation. Immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR were used to measure NLRP3 activation, M1/M2 microglial activation, pro-/anti-inflammatory gene mRNA expression and crosstalk (CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis) between neurons and microglia. Western blotting was used to assess the underlying molecular mechanism.
resultsCYLD inhibited M1 microglial activation and improved M2 microglial activation after 72 h of reperfusion. CYLD overexpression decreased the NLRP3 mRNA level. CYLD suppressed microglial overactivation by inhibiting NLRP3 activation. CYLD gene silencing partially weakened EA improvement of neurological function deficits and reduction of infarct volumes after 72 h reperfusion. In addition, EA inhibited M1-like phenotypic microglial activation and promoted M2-like phenotypic microglia through upregulating CYLD expression. Finally, EA-mediated modulation of the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis and NLRP3 inflammasome was reversed by CYLD gene silencing in the periischemic cortex.
conclusionEA-induced upregulation of neuronal CYLD expression plays anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles and regulates the interaction between neurons and microglia, thereby suppressing M1 and improving M2 microglial activation in the periischemic cortex.
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