Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34045731›Full record

ArticleNature biomedical engineering2021

Miniaturized electromechanical devices for the characterization of the biomechanics of deep tissue.

Enming Song, Zhaoqian Xie, Wubin Bai, Haiwen Luan, Bowen Ji, Xin Ning, Yu Xia, Janice Mihyun Baek, Yujin Lee, Raudel Avila and 17 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  4. Mechanomedicine.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2026
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  19. Motion artefact management for soft bioelectronics.Nature reviews bioengineering · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.

Enming Song *Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2658-904X
Zhaoqian Xie *State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-817X
Wubin Bai *Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2872-5559
Haiwen Luan *Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Bowen JiUnmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
Xin NingDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Yu XiaFrederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Janice Mihyun BaekFrederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Yujin LeeFrederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Raudel AvilaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Huang-Yu ChenQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Jae-Hwan KimFrederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
Surabhi MadhvapathyQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Kuanming YaoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Dengfeng LiDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Jingkun ZhouDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Mengdi HanQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Sang Min WonDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
Xinyuan ZhangDepartment of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Daniel J MyersQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Yongfeng MeiDepartment of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of ASIC and Systems, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xu GuoState Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
Shuai XuQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
Jan-Kai ChangQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. jan-kai.chang@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-1250
Xinge YuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. xingeyu@cityu.edu.hk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-1171
Yonggang HuangQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. y-huang@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-8359
John A RogersQuerrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. jrogers@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2980-3961
Northwestern University · USCity University of Hong Kong · HKUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · USDalian University of Technology · CNFudan University · CNNorthwestern Polytechnical University · CNPennsylvania State University · USSungkyunkwan University · KR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Evaluating the biomechanics of soft tissues at depths well below their surface, and at high precision and in real time, would open up diagnostic opportunities. Here, we report the development and application of miniaturized electromagnetic devices, each integrating a vibratory actuator and a soft strain-sensing sheet, for dynamically measuring the Young's modulus of skin and of other soft tissues at depths of approximately 1-8 mm, depending on the particular design of the sensor. We experimentally and computationally established the operational principles of the devices and evaluated their performance with a range of synthetic and biological materials and with human skin in healthy volunteers. Arrays of devices can be used to spatially map elastic moduli and to profile the modulus depth-wise. As an example of practical medical utility, we show that the devices can be used to accurately locate lesions associated with psoriasis. Compact electronic devices for the rapid and precise mechanical characterization of living tissues could be used to monitor and diagnose a range of health disorders.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAnimalsBiomechanical PhenomenaElastic ModulusElectrochemical TechniquesHumansHydrogelsMiddle AgedMiniaturizationSkinSwineVibrationYoung AdultHydrogels

Identifiers

PMID34045731
OpenAlexW3165365047

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.