Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34045545›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Space-time characterization of community noise and sound sources in Accra, Ghana.

Sierra N Clark, Abosede S Alli, Ricky Nathvani, Allison Hughes, Majid Ezzati, Michael Brauer, Mireille B Toledano, Jill Baumgartner, James E Bennett, James Nimo and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Exposure of children to multiple long-term air pollutants (PMEnvironmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. City-wide space-time patterns of environmental noise pollution in Kigali, Rwanda.Environmental research letters : ERL [Web site] · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Measurement of urban vitality with time-lapsed street-view images and object-detection for scalable assessment of pedestrian-sidewalk dynamics.ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing : official publication of the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Sierra N ClarkDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Abosede S AlliDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Ricky NathvaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Allison HughesDepartment of Physics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Majid EzzatiDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Michael BrauerSchool of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Mireille B ToledanoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Jill BaumgartnerInstitute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
James E BennettDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
James NimoDepartment of Physics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Josephine Bedford MosesDepartment of Physics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Solomon BaahDepartment of Physics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Samuel Agyei-MensahDepartment of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
George OwusuInstitute of Statistical, Social & Economic Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Briony CroftSLR Consulting, Vancouver, Canada.
Raphael E ArkuDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. rarku@umass.edu.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/S019669/1Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 209376/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urban noise pollution is an emerging public health concern in growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), but the sound environment in SSA cities is understudied. We leveraged a large-scale measurement campaign to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of measured sound levels and sound sources in Accra, Ghana. We measured sound levels and recorded audio clips at 146 representative locations, involving 7-days (136 locations) and 1-year measurements between 2019 and 2020. We calculated metrics of noise levels and intermittency and analyzed audio recordings using a pre-trained neural network to identify sources. Commercial, business, and industrial areas and areas near major roads had the highest median daily sound levels (LAeq

Identifiers

PMID34045545
PMCPMC8160008

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.