Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34045537›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2021

Identification of mucin degraders of the human gut microbiota.

Stefano Raimondi, Eliana Musmeci, Francesco Candeliere, Alberto Amaretti, Maddalena Rossi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 102 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
102citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

102 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Testosterone administration partially modulates gut microbiota responses to severe energy deficit.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
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  5. Microbiota-derived indole limitsScience advances · 2026
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  6. Digestion-resistant proteins support the healthy metabolite profiles associated with plant-based diets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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  8. A Novel Blend ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  10. Ultra-Micro Powder From Edible Plants (Food science & nutrition · 2026
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42 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Stefano Raimondi *Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Eliana Musmeci *Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Francesco CandeliereDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Alberto AmarettiDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy.
Maddalena RossiDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125, Modena, Italy. maddalena.rossi@unimore.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mucins are large glycoproteins consisting of approximately 80% of hetero-oligosaccharides. Gut mucin degraders of healthy subjects were investigated, through a culture dependent and independent approach. The faeces of five healthy adults were subjected to three steps of anaerobic enrichment in a medium with sole mucins as carbon and nitrogen sources. The bacterial community was compared before and after the enrichment by 16S rRNA gene profiling. Bacteria capable of fermenting sugars, such as Anaerotruncus, Holdemania, and Enterococcaceae likely took advantage of the carbohydrate chains. Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae, Peptococcales, the Coriobacteriale Eggerthella, and a variety of Clostridia such as Oscillospiraceae, Anaerotruncus, and Lachnoclostridium, significantly increased and likely participated to the degradation of the protein backbone of mucin. The affinity of E. coli and Enterobacteriaceae for mucin may facilitate the access to the gut mucosa, promoting gut barrier damage and triggering systemic inflammatory responses. Only three species of strict anaerobes able to grow on mucin were isolated from the enrichments of five different microbiota: Clostridium disporicum, Clostridium tertium, and Paraclostridium benzoelyticum. The limited number of species isolated confirms that in the gut the degradation of these glycoproteins results from cooperation and cross-feeding among several species exhibiting different metabolic capabilities.

Indexed as

ClostridiumEnterobacteriaceaeFecesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansIntestinal MucosaMucinsMucins

Identifiers

PMID34045537
PMCPMC8159939

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.