ArticleLupus science & medicine2021
Assessment of cardiovascular risk tools as predictors of cardiovascular disease events in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Article in Lupus science & medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular markers of microangiopathy and their possible association with cardiovascular risk in patients with systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Non-specific ST-T abnormalities are associated with major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in hospitalized systemic lupus erythematosus patients.BMC rheumatology · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Focus on Arrhythmias.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular risk stratification in inflammatory-driven conditions: how far have we come?Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- A novel approach to cardiovascular events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: risk factor assessment and treatment analysis.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
- Statin Use in Special Populations for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2025Review
- Cardio-Rheumatology Insights Into Hypertension: Intersection of Inflammation, Arteries, and Heart.American journal of hypertension · 2024Review
- Autoimmune diseases and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2024Review
- Personalizing cardiovascular risk prediction for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2024Article
- Vascular damage in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2024Review
- Article
- CogDrisk, ANU-ADRI, CAIDE, and LIBRA Risk Scores for Estimating Dementia Risk.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- State of current management of the heightened risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular events in an established cohort of patients with lupus erythematosus.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Arterial Stiffness as a Surrogate Marker of Cardiovascular Disease and Atherosclerosis in Patients with Arthritides and Connective Tissue Diseases: A Literature Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Generic and disease-adapted cardiovascular risk scores as predictors of atherosclerosis progression in SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Managing Cardiovascular Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Considerations for the Clinician.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- Obesity, Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Risk Burden in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Current Approaches and Knowledge Gaps-A Rapid Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cardiovascular Outcomes in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.Current cardiology reports · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSLE is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to determine which among QRISK2, QRISK3, Framingham Risk Score (FRS), modified Framingham Risk Score (mFRS) and SLE Cardiovascular Risk Equation (SLECRE) best predicts CVD.
methodsThis is a single-centre analysis on 1887 patients with SLE followed prospectively according to a standard protocol. Tools' scores were evaluated against CVD development at/within 10 years for patients with CVD and without CVD. For patients with CVD, the index date for risk score calculation was chosen as close to 10 years prior to CVD event. For patients without CVD, risk scores were calculated as close to 10 years prior to the most recent clinic appointment. Proportions of low-risk (<10%), intermediate-risk (10%-20%) and high-risk (>20%) patients for developing CVD according to each tool were determined, allowing sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value and concordance (c) statistics analysis.
resultsAmong 1887 patients, 232 CVD events occurred. QRISK2 and FRS, and QRISK3 and mFRS, performed similarly. SLECRE classified the highest number of patients as intermediate and high risk. Sensitivities and specificities were 19% and 93% for QRISK2, 22% and 93% for FRS, 46% and 83% for mFRS, 47% and 78% for QRISK3, and 61% and 64% for SLECRE. Tools were similar in negative predictive value, ranging from 89% (QRISK2) to 92% (SLECRE). FRS and mFRS had the greatest c-statistics (0.73), while QRISK3 and SLECRE had the lowest (0. 67).
conclusionmFRS was superior to FRS and was not outperformed by the QRISK tools. SLECRE had the highest sensitivity but the lowest specificity. mFRS is an SLE-adjusted practical tool with a simple, intuitive scoring system reasonably appropriate for ambulatory settings, with more research needed to develop more accurate CVD risk prediction tools in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.