Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34045272›Full record

ArticleNeurology2021

Sex and Race Differences in the Risk of Ischemic Stroke Associated With Fasting Blood Glucose in REGARDS.

Tracy E Madsen, D Leann Long, April P Carson, George Howard, Dawn O Kleindorfer, Karen L Furie, JoAnn E Manson, Simin Liu, Virginia J Howard

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In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
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  5. Article
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  7. Article
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  9. Article
  10. The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke.Circulation research · 2022
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tracy E MadsenFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. tracy_madsen@brown.edu.
D Leann LongFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
April P CarsonFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0002-7970-6756
George HowardFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Dawn O KleindorferFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Karen L FurieFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
JoAnn E MansonFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Simin LiuFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-2098-3844
Virginia J HowardFrom the Departments of Emergency Medicine (T.E.M.), Neurology (K.L.F.), Epidemiology (S.L.), Medicine (S.L.), and Surgery (S.L.), and Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University School of Public Health (S.L.), Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI; Departments of Biostatistics (D.L.L., G.H.) and Epidemiology (A.P.C., V.J.H.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Department of Neurology (D.O.K.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor; and Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.ORCID 0000-0003-4912-9975
Brigham and Women's Hospital · US

Funding

VCID and Stroke in a Bi-racial National CohortU01NS041588 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI CUSHMAN, MARY, HOWARD, GEORGE · 2002 to 2022
$96.0M
A nested case-control study of exposure to toxic metals, essential metals and their interaction on the risk of type 2 diabetesR01ES029082 · NIEHS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI LIU, SIMIN, YANA, BAI · 2019 to 2022
$2.1M
Asprosin, body weight, and risk of type 2 diabetes in U.S. men and womenR01DK125403 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI LIU, SIMIN · 2020 to 2022
$2.1M
SNRK(sucrose non-fermenting related kinase)and adipose energy homeostasisR01DK103699 · NIDDK · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI XU, HAIYAN · 2015 to 2018
$1.6M
StoP STRokE: Sex-Specific Prevention of Stroke Through Reproductive Risk Factors and Sex Hormone EffectsK23HL140081 · NHLBI · RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL · PI MADSEN, TRACY · 2018 to 2022
$945k
Environmental heavy metals and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)R01ES031391 · NIEHS · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI LIU, SIMIN, LOTUFO, PAULO ANDRADE · 2020 to 2023
$695k
NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL140081NHLBI NIH HHS L30 HL143706NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK103699NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK125403NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES029082NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031391NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS041588
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate sex and race differences in the association between fasting blood glucose (FBG) and risk of ischemic stroke (IS).

methodsThis prospective longitudinal cohort study included adults age ≥45 years at baseline in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study, followed for a median of 11.4 years. The exposure was baseline FBG (mg/dL); suspected IS events were ascertained by phone every 6 months and were physician-adjudicated. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess the adjusted sex/race-specific associations between FBG (by category and as a restricted cubic spline) and incident IS.

resultsOf 20,338 participants, mean age was 64.5 (SD 9.3) years, 38.7% were Black, 55.4% were women, 16.2% were using diabetes medications, and 954 IS events occurred. Compared to FBG <100, FBG ≥150 was associated with 59% higher hazards of IS (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.08) and 61% higher hazards of IS among those on diabetes medications (95% CI 1.12-2.31). The association between FBG and IS varied by race/sex (hazard ratio, FBG ≥150 vs FBG <100: White women 2.05 [95% CI 1.23-3.42], Black women 1.71 [95% CI 1.10-2.66], Black men 1.24 [95% CI 0.75-2.06], White men 1.46 [95% CI 0.93-2.28],

conclusionsSex differences in the strength and shape of the association between FBG and IS are likely driving the significant differences in the association between FBG and IS across race/sex subgroups. These findings should be explored further and may inform tailored stroke prevention guidelines.

Indexed as

AdultAgedBlack or African AmericanBlood GlucoseFemaleHumansIschemic StrokeLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRace FactorsSex FactorsUnited StatesWhite PeopleBlood Glucose

Identifiers

PMID34045272
PMCPMC8377876
OpenAlexW3165081718

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.