ArticleEpidemiology and psychiatric sciences2021
Excess mortality and life-years lost in people with bipolar disorder: an 11-year population-based cohort study.
Article in Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The clinical efficacy of psychological interventions for bipolar depression: a systematic review and individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Practice Guidelines for Bipolar Disorder by the JSMD (Japanese Society of Mood Disorders).Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Guideline
- Mortality, Revascularization, and Cardioprotective Pharmacotherapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2022Pooled it
- Prediction of self-harm in people with newly-diagnosed depression: development and validation of risk prediction models.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association of health screening participation with cardiovascular mortality and suicide in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Thyroid hormone augmentation for bipolar disorder: a neurobiological and clinical narrative review.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2026Review
- A five-year risk prediction model of cardiovascular disease in individuals with bipolar disorder: a nationwide register study from Sweden.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Association of Borderline Personality Disorder with Physical Diseases and Mortality: A 16-Year Population-Based Electronic Health-Record Cohort Study in Hong Kong.Psychotherapy and psychosomatics · 2026Article
- Acid accumulation in bipolar disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Clinical practice guidelines for the management of bipolar disorder: 2025 update.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- A retrospective and comprehensive analysis of excess life-years lost, mortality risk, and cause of death among severe mental illness in China.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Trace Amine-associated Receptors (TAARs): Candidate Targets in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorders.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2025Review
- Gender Differences in Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Initial-Treatment and Drug-Naïve Bipolar Disorder Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.Alpha psychiatry · 2025Article
- Global Trends in the Use of Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder.Current psychiatry reports · 2025Review
- Temporal trends of the utilization patterns of sedative-hypnotic medications in children, adolescents and young adults: a 21-year population-based study with joinpoint regression analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Severe mental illness and infectious disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Mortality risk and mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder: a propensity-score-weighted population-based cohort study in 2002-2018.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2024Article
- Latent Profile Analysis of Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Individuals with Bipolar Disorder.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Hybrid Type 1 trial of a multi-component mHealth intervention to improve post-hospital transitions of care for patients with serious mental illness: Study protocol.Contemporary clinical trials · 2024Article
- Usage Patterns of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Patients with Bipolar Disorder: A Population-Based Study in Taiwan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsBipolar disorder is associated with premature mortality, but evidence is mostly derived from Western countries. There has been no research evaluating shortened lifespan in bipolar disorder using life-years lost (LYLs), which is a recently developed mortality metric taking into account illness onset for life expectancy estimation. The current study aimed to examine the extent of premature mortality in bipolar disorder patients relative to the general population in Hong Kong (HK) in terms of standardised mortality ratio (SMR) and excess LYLs, and changes of mortality rate over time.
methodsThis population-based cohort study investigated excess mortality in 12 556 bipolar disorder patients between 2008 and 2018, by estimating all-cause and cause-specific SMRs, and LYLs. Trends in annual SMRs over the 11-year study period were assessed. Study data were retrieved from a territory-wide medical-record database of HK public healthcare services.
resultsPatients had higher all-cause [SMR: 2.60 (95% CI: 2.45-2.76)], natural-cause [SMR: 1.90 (95% CI: 1.76-2.05)] and unnatural-cause [SMR: 8.63 (95% CI: 7.34-10.03)] mortality rates than the general population. Respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and cancers accounted for the majority of deaths. Men and women with bipolar disorder had 6.78 (95% CI: 6.00-7.84) years and 7.35 (95% CI: 6.75-8.06) years of excess LYLs, respectively. The overall mortality gap remained similar over time, albeit slightly improved in men with bipolar disorder.
conclusionsBipolar disorder is associated with increased premature mortality and substantially reduced lifespan in a predominantly Chinese population, with excess deaths mainly attributed to natural causes. Persistent mortality gap underscores an urgent need for targeted interventions to improve physical health of patients with bipolar disorder.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.