Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34044873›Full record

ArticleMolecular autism2021

Using the big data approach to clarify the structure of restricted and repetitive behaviors across the most commonly used autism spectrum disorder measures.

Mirko Uljarević, Booil Jo, Thomas W Frazier, Lawrence Scahill, Eric A Youngstrom, Antonio Y Hardan

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular autism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Review
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  11. Parsing the heterogeneity of social motivation in autism.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025
    Article
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  13. Article
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  15. Reliability of the Commonly Used and Newly-Developed Autism Measures.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Profiles of circumscribed interests in autistic youth.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Mirko UljarevićMelbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. mirko.uljarevic@unimelb.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0002-7481-3923
Booil JoDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Thomas W FrazierDepartment of Psychology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH, USA.
Lawrence ScahillMarcus Autism Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Eric A YoungstromDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Davie Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Antonio Y HardanDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Stanford University · USEmory University · USJohn Carroll University · USThe University of Melbourne · AUUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
A Big Data Approach Toward the Development of a New Quantitative Measure of Restricted and Repetitive BehaviorsR21MH121876 · NIMH · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HARDAN, ANTONIO, JO, BOOIL · 2020 to 2021
$434k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH121876
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRestricted and repetitive behaviors (RRB) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompass several distinct domains. However, commonly used general ASD measures provide broad RRB scores rather than assessing separate RRB domains. The main objective of the current investigation was to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the ability of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) to capture different RRB constructs.

methodsExploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM) was conducted using individual item-level data from the SRS-2, SCQ, ADI-R and the ADOS. Data were obtained from five existing publicly available databases. For the SRS-2, the final sample consisted of N = 16,761 individuals (M

resultsThe three-factor structure provided the most optimal and interpretable fit to data for all measures (comparative fit index ≥ .983, Tucker Lewis index ≥ .966, root mean square error of approximation ≤ .028). Repetitive-motor behaviors, insistence on sameness and unusual or circumscribed interests factors emerged across all instruments. No acceptable fit was identified for the ADOS. LIMITATIONS: The five datasets used here afforded a large as well as wide distribution of the RRB item scores. However, measures used for establishing convergent and divergent validity were only available for a portion of the sample.

conclusionsReported findings offer promise for capturing important RRB domains using general ASD measures and highlight the need for measurement development.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderBig DataChildCognitionFemaleHumansMalePsychometricsAutism spectrum disorderCircumscribed interestFactor analysisInsistence of samenessRepetitive motor behavior

Identifiers

PMID34044873
PMCPMC8162018
OpenAlexW3164130519

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.