Trial reportNature2021
BNT162b2 vaccine induces neutralizing antibodies and poly-specific T cells in humans.
Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IClinical Trial, Phase II
In one paragraph
Trial report in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04380701 (A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 525 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
525citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
46.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults
Who cites it
525 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 818 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ascertaining the mechanistic etiology of COVID-associated glomerulonephritis: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of Nucleic Acid-Based Vaccines Against COVID-19: A Systematic Review.Molecular biotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Ocular Complications after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review.Journal of nephrology · 2023Pooled it
- Safety and Immunogenicity of BNT162b2 in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Safety and immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein subunit vaccine adjuvanted with Alum + CpG 1018 in healthy Indonesian adults: A multicenter, randomized, comparative, observer-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Trial
- Comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B and BNT162b2 in a phase 2 randomized, observer-blinded study.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Immunogenicity, Tolerability, and Safety of BA.1-Adapted BNT162b2 Vaccine in 18- to 55-Year-Olds Previously Vaccinated with BNT162b2 or Who Were COVID-19 Vaccine-Naive.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Article
- Recoding by NNature communications · 2026Article
- Computational Design of a Trivalent Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine Candidate Against Western, Eastern, and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Viruses.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Monoclonal antibodies target conserved S1mBio · 2026Article
- In the age of mRNA vaccines: Linear or circular mRNA?Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- The ageing immune system and its battle with viruses.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- A distinct antigen presentation pathway drives potent T cell immunity in lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines.Science advances · 2026Article
- Evaluating Memory B Cell Cross-Reactivity Between Ancestral and Future SARS-CoV-2 Variants-Evidence for Original Antigenic Sin.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Induction of mucosal immune responses against SARS-CoV-2: a heterologous intramuscular mRNA-LNP prime/pulmonary recombinant subunit pull vaccination strategy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel approach for vaccine delivery using mRNA lipid nanoparticles forMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Booster mRNA Vaccination Prevents Breakthrough Severe COVID-19 Infections.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Transdermal Delivery of an mRNA-Liposome Vaccine via Dissolving Microneedle to Preserve Vaccine Activity and Enhance Immune Activation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: science versus misinformation.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
465 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
49 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Ugur SahinBioNTech, Mainz, Germany. Ugur.Sahin@biontech.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-1564
Alexander MuikBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4561-2273
Isabel VoglerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9757-9618
Evelyna DerhovanessianBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Lena M KranzBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1943-3431
Mathias VormehrBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7788-3380
Jasmin QuandtBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9589-9941
Nicole BidmonBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Alexander UlgesBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Alina BaumRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.
Kristen E PascalRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-4606
Daniel MaurusBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2989-264X
Sebastian BrachtendorfBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Verena LörksBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-9386
Julian SikorskiBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Peter KochBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0638-0433
Rolf HilkerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-7731
Dirk BeckerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4786-9331
Ann-Kathrin EllerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Jan GrütznerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Manuel TonigoldBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Carsten BoeslerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Corinna RosenbaumBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Ludwig HeesenBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Marie-Cristine KühnleBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0256-5542
Asaf PoranBioNTech US, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9118-1051
Jesse Z DongBioNTech US, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4877-852X
Ulrich LuxemburgerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-3236
Alexandra Kemmer-BrückBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
David LangerBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Martin BexonBexon Clinical Consulting LLC, Upper Montclair, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-4343
Stefanie BolteBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Tania PalancheBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
Armin SchultzCRS Clinical Research Services Mannheim GmbH, Mannheim, Germany.
Sybille BaumannCRS Clinical Research Services Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Azita J MahinyBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9331-5869
Gábor BorosBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8668-9800
Jonas ReinholzBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2384-8541
Gábor T SzabóBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-0425
Katalin KarikóBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1864-3851
Pei-Yong ShiUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616
Camila Fontes-GarfiasUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-8413
John L PerezPfizer, Pearl River, NY, US.
Mark CutlerPfizer, Pearl River, NY, US.
David CooperPfizer, Pearl River, NY, US.
Christos A KyratsousRegeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Tarrytown, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2596-2906
Philip R DormitzerPfizer, Pearl River, NY, US.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-6360
Kathrin U JansenPfizer, Pearl River, NY, US.
Özlem TüreciBioNTech, Mainz, Germany.
BioNTech (Germany) · DEPfizer (United States) · USRegeneron (United States) · USBioNTech (United States) · USClinical Research Services · DEThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USBexon Clinical Consulting (United States) · USJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz · DE
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BNT162b2, a nucleoside-modified mRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles that encodes the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) stabilized in its prefusion conformation, has demonstrated 95% efficacy in preventing COVID-19
Indexed as
AdolescentAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCD8-Positive T-LymphocytesCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesEpitopes, T-LymphocyteFemaleHumansImmunoglobulin GImmunologic MemoryInterferon-gammaInterleukin-2MaleAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesEpitopes, T-LymphocyteImmunoglobulin GInterferon-gammaInterleukin-2Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04380701ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.