ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Risk Factors for Death Among the First 80 543 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases in China: Relationships Between Age, Underlying Disease, Case Severity, and Region.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypertension and other comorbidities associated with increased mortality in hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 in spain: a descriptive, retrospective, nationwide study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dynamics of HIV reservoirs following repeated anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- No brain MRI abnormalities after mild-to-moderate COVID-19: an observational study.Neuroradiology · 2025Observational
- Beneficial Effects of Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Mortality in Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study from 2019 to 2020 in China.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Article
- A national population-based study of mortality and risk factors in COVID-19-hospitalized patients in Spain (2020-2021).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of different treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus on mortality of coronavirus disease from 2019 to 2021 in China: a multi-institutional retrospective study.Molecular biomedicine · 2024Article
- Anti-infection effects of heparin on SARS-CoV-2 in a diabetic mouse model.Zoological research · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among blood donors in Uganda: 2019-2022.Transfusion · 2023Article
- Medical Consultations Option and Influencing Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infected Individuals - Beijing Municipality, China, December 2022.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Collective and Individual Assessment of the Risk of Death from COVID-19 for the Elderly, 2020-2022.China CDC weekly · 2023Article
- Successful Treatment of Prolonged, Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in a B cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patient With an Extended Course of Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Incidence of symptomatic Covid-19 infections in patients with mastocytosis and chronic myeloid leukemia: A comparison with the general Austrian population.European journal of haematology · 2023Article
- A large-scale machine learning study of sociodemographic factors contributing to COVID-19 severity.Frontiers in big data · 2023Article
- Time-dependent risk of COVID-19 death with overwhelmed health-care capacity in Japan, 2020-2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- The path to healthy ageing in China: a Peking University-Lancet Commission.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety and immunogenicity in patients with hematologic malignancies, transplantation, and cellular therapies.Blood reviews · 2022Review
- Review
- Venerable but Vulnerable: When Centenarians Encounter Coronavirus Disease 2019.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
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33 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundKnowledge of COVID-19 epidemiology remains incomplete and crucial questions persist. We aimed to examine risk factors for COVID-19 death.
methodsA total of 80 543 COVID-19 cases reported in China, nationwide, through 8 April 2020 were included. Risk factors for death were investigated by Cox proportional hazards regression and stratified analyses.
resultsOverall national case-fatality ratio (CFR) was 5.64%. Risk factors for death were older age (≥80: adjusted hazard ratio, 12.58; 95% confidence interval, 6.78-23.33), presence of underlying disease (1.33; 1.19-1.49), worse case severity (severe: 3.86; 3.15-4.73; critical: 11.34; 9.22-13.95), and near-epicenter region (Hubei: 2.64; 2.11-3.30; Wuhan: 6.35; 5.04-8.00). CFR increased from 0.35% (30-39 years) to 18.21% (≥70 years) without underlying disease. Regardless of age, CFR increased from 2.50% for no underlying disease to 7.72% for 1, 13.99% for 2, and 21.99% for ≥3 underlying diseases. CFR increased with worse case severity from 2.80% (mild) to 12.51% (severe) and 48.60% (critical), regardless of region. Compared with other regions, CFR was much higher in Wuhan regardless of case severity (mild: 3.83% vs 0.14% in Hubei and 0.03% elsewhere; moderate: 4.60% vs 0.21% and 0.06%; severe: 15.92% vs 5.84% and 1.86%; and critical: 58.57% vs 49.80% and 18.39%).
conclusionsOlder patients regardless of underlying disease and patients with underlying disease regardless of age were at elevated risk of death. Higher death rates near the outbreak epicenter and during the surge of cases reflect the deleterious effects of allowing health systems to become overwhelmed.
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