Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34043637›Full record

ArticlePloS one2021

Cango Lyec (Healing the Elephant): Chronic Hepatitis B Virus among post-conflict affected populations living in mid-Northern Uganda.

Samuel S Malamba, Herbert Muyinda, D Martin Ogwang, Achilles Katamba, David S Zamar, Kate Jongbloed, Nelson K Sewankambo, Martin T Schechter, Patricia M Spittal

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 50% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Samuel S MalambaHIV Reference Laboratory Program, Uganda Virus Research Institute (UVRI), Entebbe, Uganda.
Herbert MuyindaChild Health Development Center, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
D Martin OgwangSt Mary's Hospital-Lacor, Gulu, Uganda.
Achilles KatambaCollege of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
David S ZamarSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Kate JongbloedSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-9903-5630
Nelson K SewankamboCollege of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.ORCID 0000-0001-9362-053X
Martin T SchechterSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Patricia M SpittalSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
University of British Columbia · CAMakerere University · UGSt. Mary's Hospital Lacor · UGUganda Virus Research Institute · UG

Funding

CIHR 106621
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe legacy of war in Northern Uganda continues to impact people's health and wellbeing in the Acholi region. Despite increasing attention to Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in Uganda and globally, concerns remain that unique drivers of infection, and barriers to screening, and treatment, persist among those affected by conflict.

methodsCango Lyec (Healing the Elephant) cohort survey involved conflict-affected adults aged 13-49 in three mid-Northern Uganda districts (Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya). Baseline (2011-2012) samples were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), HBV e-antigen (HBeAg), antibodies to HBV surface antigen (HBsAb), antibodies to HBV e-antigen (HBeAb), and antibodies to HBV core antigen (HBcAb). All HBsAg positive samples were tested for IgM antibodies to HBV B core antigen (HBc-IgM) and where available, >6-month follow-up samples were tested for HBeAg and HBV DNA. Data were analyzed using STATA 15 software. Logistic regression accounted for variance due to complex two-stage sampling that included stratification, unequal selection probabilities and community clustering. Odds ratios measured effect potential risk factors associated with chronic HBV infection.

resultsAmong 2,421 participants, 45.7% were still susceptible to HBV infection. HBsAg seropositivity was 11.9% (10.9-13.0), chronic HBV was 11.6% (10.4-12.8), acquired immunity resulting from vaccination was 10.9%, and prior natural infection was 31.5%. Older age (OR:0.570; 95%CI:0.368-0.883) and higher education (OR:0.598; 95%CI:0.412-0.868) were associated with reduced odds of chronic HBV infection. Being male (OR:1.639; 95%CI:1.007-2.669) and having been abducted (OR:1.461; 95%CI:1.055-2.023) were associated with increased odds of infection. Among women, having 1 or 2 pregnancies (compared to none or >2) was associated with increased odds of infection (OR:1.764; 95%CI:1.009-3.084).

conclusionChronic HBV is endemic in Gulu, Amuru and Nwoya districts. Recommended strategies to reduce post-conflict prevalence include establishment of Northern Uganda Liver Wellness Centres, integration of screening and treatment into antenatal care, and roll out of birth-dose vaccination.

Indexed as

Hepatitis B, ChronicAdolescentAdultFemaleHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B virusHumansImmunoglobulin MMaleMiddle AgedUgandaHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B VaccinesImmunoglobulin M

Identifiers

PMID34043637
PMCPMC8158885
OpenAlexW3164162961

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.