ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2021
Cell influx and contractile actomyosin force drive mammary bud growth and invagination.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stem cell specification and niche formation in developing incisor require actomyosin forces.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2026Article
- Radially patterned morphogenesis of murine hair follicle placodes ensures robust epithelial budding.Developmental cell · 2024Article
- Article
- Myosin II mediates Shh signals to shape dental epithelia via control of cell adhesion and movement.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Mesenchyme instructs growth while epithelium directs branching in the mouse mammary gland.eLife · 2024Article
- Patterning and folding of intestinal villi by active mesenchymal dewetting.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Moving through a changing world: Single cell migration in 2D vs. 3D.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mammary gland develops from the surface ectoderm during embryogenesis and proceeds through morphological phases defined as placode, hillock, bud, and bulb stages followed by branching morphogenesis. During this early morphogenesis, the mammary bud undergoes an invagination process where the thickened bud initially protrudes above the surface epithelium and then transforms to a bulb and sinks into the underlying mesenchyme. The signaling pathways regulating the early morphogenetic steps have been identified to some extent, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain ill defined. Here, we use 3D and 4D confocal microscopy to show that the early growth of the mammary rudiment is accomplished by migration-driven cell influx, with minor contributions of cell hypertrophy and proliferation. We delineate a hitherto undescribed invagination mechanism driven by thin, elongated keratinocytes-ring cells-that form a contractile rim around the mammary bud and likely exert force via the actomyosin network. Furthermore, we show that conditional deletion of nonmuscle myosin IIA (NMIIA) impairs invagination, resulting in abnormal mammary bud shape.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.