Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34042262›Full record

ArticlePlant biotechnology journal2021

Improved plant cytosine base editors with high editing activity, purity, and specificity.

Qiurong Ren, Simon Sretenovic, Guanqing Liu, Zhaohui Zhong, Jiaheng Wang, Lan Huang, Xu Tang, Yachong Guo, Li Liu, Yuechao Wu and 11 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Plant biotechnology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
63citing papers in PubMed
9.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

63 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.

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  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. CRISPR-Cas applications in agriculture and plant research.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. RNAi and genome editing of sugarcane: Progress and prospects.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2025
    Review

3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

21 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Qiurong RenDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Simon SretenovicDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3080-5104
Guanqing LiuJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Zhaohui ZhongDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Jiaheng WangDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Lan HuangDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Xu TangDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yachong GuoDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Li LiuDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yuechao WuJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Jie ZhouDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yuxin ZhaoDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Han YangDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Yao HeDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Shishi LiuDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Desuo YinDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Rocio MayorgaDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.
Xuelian ZhengDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Tao ZhangJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7897-0205
Yiping QiDepartment of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9556-6706
Yong ZhangDepartment of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3704-4835
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · CNYangzhou University · CNUniversity of Maryland, College Park · USAdvanced Bioscience Laboratories (United States) · USHubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) are great additions to the expanding genome editing toolbox. To improve C-to-T base editing in plants, we first compared seven cytidine deaminases in the BE3-like configuration in rice. We found A3A/Y130F-CBE_V01 resulted in the highest C-to-T base editing efficiency in both rice and Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we demonstrated this A3A/Y130F cytidine deaminase could be used to improve iSpyMacCas9-mediated C-to-T base editing at A-rich PAMs. To showcase its applications, we first applied A3A/Y130F-CBE_V01 for multiplexed editing to generate microRNA-resistant mRNA transcripts as well as pre-mature stop codons in multiple seed trait genes. In addition, we harnessed A3A/Y130F-CBE_V01 for efficient artificial evolution of novel ALS and EPSPS alleles which conferred herbicide resistance in rice. To further improve C-to-T base editing, multiple CBE_V02, CBE_V03 and CBE_V04 systems were developed and tested in rice protoplasts. The CBE_V04 systems were found to have improved editing activity and purity with focal recruitment of more uracil DNA glycosylase inhibitors (UGIs) by the engineered single guide RNA 2.0 scaffold. Finally, we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to compare six CBE_V01 systems and four CBE_V04 systems for genome-wide off-target effects in rice. Different levels of cytidine deaminase-dependent and sgRNA-independent off-target effects were indeed revealed by WGS among edited lines by these CBE systems. We also investigated genome-wide sgRNA-dependent off-target effects by different CBEs in rice. This comprehensive study compared 21 different CBE systems, and benchmarked PmCDA1-CBE_V04 and A3A/Y130F-CBE_V04 as next-generation plant CBEs with high editing efficiency, purity, and specificity.

Indexed as

CytosineGene EditingCRISPR-Cas SystemsMutationRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsWhole Genome SequencingCytosineRNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas SystemsArabidopsiscytosine base editorsmultiplexed base editingoff-target effectsricewhole genome sequencing

Identifiers

PMID34042262
PMCPMC8486236
OpenAlexW3164291647

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.