ArticleInternational journal of epidemiology2022
How does childhood maltreatment influence cardiovascular disease? A sequential causal mediation analysis.
Article in International journal of epidemiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse childhood experiences and risk of non-mental medical diseases in adulthood: an umbrella review.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Childhood Maltreatment and Cardiovascular Health: Role of Sex and Life's Essential 8 in the U.K. Biobank.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Adverse experiences in childhood and young adulthood, genetic susceptibility, and neurodegenerative disease incidence: a lifespan analysis.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2025Article
- Childhood maltreatment and adult diseases in the general population: the mediating role of smoking and overweight in a time-sequence design.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cardiovascular Health across the Lifespan.Current hypertension reports · 2025Review
- Lifetime Exposure to Violence and Early Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in a Healthy Swedish Cohort.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Survey of practices of handling exposure measurement errors in modern epidemiology: are the best practices in statistics being adopted by epidemiologists?BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- From parental education to under-5 mortality: how antenatal care and hand hygiene mediate the pathway mechanisms.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Uncovering psychologically mediated pathways to cardiovascular diseases: depressive symptoms as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and single or multiple cardiovascular disease comorbidities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The association between adverse childhood experiences and adult cardiac function in the UK Biobank.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2024Article
- Childhood maltreatment and health in the UK Biobank: triangulation of outcome-wide and polygenic risk score analyses.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Adversities in childhood and young adulthood and incident cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Childhood maltreatment and risk of endocrine diseases: an exploration of mediating pathways using sequential mediation analysis.BMC medicine · 2024Article
- Association of Childhood Adversity With Frailty and the Mediating Role of Unhealthy Lifestyle: A Lifespan Analysis.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2024Article
- Identifying what works for whom: Implementation outcomes followingJournal of clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Associations of Childhood Maltreatment and Genetic Risks With Incident Heart Failure in Later Life.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Childhood adversity and cardiometabolic biomarkers in mid-adulthood in the 1958 British birth cohort.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Childhood Emotional Neglect and Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood maltreatment has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the mechanisms of this relationship are not yet fully understood. We explored the relative contribution of anxiety/depression, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and inflammation (C-reactive protein, CRP) to the association between childhood maltreatment and CVD in men and women aged 40-69 years in the UK.
methodsWe used data from 40 596 men and 59 511 women from UK Biobank. To estimate the indirect effects of childhood maltreatment (physical, sexual and emotional abuse, and emotional and physical neglect) on incident CVD via each of the mediators, we applied a sequential mediation approach.
resultsAll forms of maltreatment were associated with increased CVD risk [hazard ratios (HRs) ranging from 1.09 to 1.27]. Together, anxiety/depression, smoking, BMI and inflammation (indexed by CRP) mediated 26-90% of the association between childhood maltreatment and CVD, and the contribution of these mediators differed by type of maltreatment and sex. Anxiety/depression mediated the largest proportion of the association of sexual abuse, emotional abuse and emotional neglect with CVD (accounting for 16-43% of the total effect), especially in women. In men, BMI contributed the most to the indirect effect of associations of physical abuse and physical neglect with CVD; in women, anxiety/depression and BMI had similar contributions.
conclusionsThese findings add to the understanding of how childhood maltreatment affects CVD risk and identify modifiable mediating factors that could potentially reduce the burden of CVD in people exposed to maltreatment in early life.
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