ArticleJNCI cancer spectrum2021
Nongenetic Determinants of Risk for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer.
Article in JNCI cancer spectrum, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02328677 (ColoCare Transdisciplinary Research in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
ColoCare Transdisciplinary Research in Colorectal Cancer Prognosis
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early-onset colorectal cancer is associated with metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Pooled it
- Genome-wide association studies and Mendelian randomization analyses provide insights into the causes of early-onset colorectal cancer.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2024Pooled it
- A risk scoring system to predict the individual incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- Diet as a Risk Factor for Early-Onset Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Rewiring redox defense: Nrf2-driven antioxidant signaling as a gateway to programmed cell death activation in colorectal cancer.Genes & diseases · 2027Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of early-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer, 1990-2021: a comparative analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Future science OA · 2026Article
- Review
- Risk Factors in Sporadic Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer, Current Evidence and Emerging Insights: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2026Review
- Early-Onset Digestive System Cancers: Risk Factors and Clinicopathological and Molecular Features Across Organ Sites.Cancer science · 2026Review
- A prospective investigation of early-onset colorectal cancer risk factors-pooled analysis of three large-scale European cohorts.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- The Epidemiology of colorectal cancer in Guangzhou, China: A cross-sectional and age-period-cohort study.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Early-onset colorectal cancer as an emerging disease of metabolic dysregulation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The Enteric Microbiome in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Its Role as a Biomarker of Disease.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Evaluating Risk Factors for Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer in a Large, Prospective Cohort.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2025Article
- Obesity as a risk factor for early-onset colorectal cancer: Evidence from a nationally representative database.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Article
- A qualitative study of a new metric for estimating early-onset colorectal cancer risk in male veterans: "Colon Age".BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Global burden, trends, and risk factors of early-onset and late-onset colorectal cancer from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2040: a population-based study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Young-onset metastatic colorectal cancer: an opportunity and a vision for progress in cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Genetic and transcriptomic analyses of early-onset colon cancer (EOCC): aESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Beneficial microbiome and diet interplay in early-onset colorectal cancer.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Incidence of early-onset (younger than 50 years of age) colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing in many countries. Thus, elucidating the role of traditional CRC risk factors in early-onset CRC is a high priority. We sought to determine whether risk factors associated with late-onset CRC were also linked to early-onset CRC and whether association patterns differed by anatomic subsite. Methods: Using data pooled from 13 population-based studies, we studied 3767 CRC cases and 4049 controls aged younger than 50 years and 23 437 CRC cases and 35 311 controls aged 50 years and older. Using multivariable and multinomial logistic regression, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the association between risk factors and early-onset CRC and by anatomic subsite. Results: Early-onset CRC was associated with not regularly using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.21 to 1.68), greater red meat intake (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), lower educational attainment (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.16), alcohol abstinence (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.39), and heavier alcohol use (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.04 to 1.50). No factors exhibited a greater excess in early-onset compared with late-onset CRC. Evaluating risks by anatomic subsite, we found that lower total fiber intake was linked more strongly to rectal (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.48) than colon cancer (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.27; Conclusion: In this large study, we identified several nongenetic risk factors associated with early-onset CRC, providing a basis for targeted identification of those most at risk, which is imperative in mitigating the rising burden of this disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.