ArticleJournal of family medicine and primary care2021
Impact of structured educational interventions on the prevention of pressure ulcers in immobile orthopedic patients in India: A pragmatic randomized controlled trial.
Article in Journal of family medicine and primary care, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of pressure ulcer and related factors in orthopaedic wards: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2023Pooled it
- Patient and lay carer education for preventing pressure ulceration in at-risk populations.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Investigation of the effect of a pressure sore care bundle in reducing the development of operating room pressure injury in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a non-randomized controlled study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Knowledge and confidence regarding pressure ulcer prevention among caregivers of high-risk individuals: A pre- and post-education assessment in a single-center.PEC innovation · 2025Article
- Effect of Nurse-Applied Aloe Vera and Rosemary Oil Combination on Pressure Injury Prevention in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Triple-Blind Randomized Trial.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPressure ulcer (PU) is one of the common, neglected and avoidable complications among bedridden patients. Despite the potential to reduce PU incidence, the evidence on the effect of patient/caregiver education is low. This pragmatic randomized controlled trial (CTRI/2011/07/001862) compared the impact of two structured educational interventions to patients and caregivers on prevention of PU in immobile orthopaedic patients. METHODOLOGY: Ninety-two orthopedically immobile patients (Braden score ≤12 or stage I PU) and their caregivers were (block) randomized into two equal groups. One group was offered Prevention Package 1 (PP1), i.e., self-instruction manual (SIM), one to one training and counselling on PU care practices. The second group (PP2) was given SIM only. Patients were followed equally at the hospital and home after discharge. Intention to treat analysis was conducted.
resultsThe cumulative incidence of PU was 8.7% in PP1 and 21.7% in PP2 for the entire study period. PU incidence rate in PP1 and PP2 was 0.9 and 2.41 per 1000 person-days, respectively. Incidence rate ratio was 2.67 (95% CI: 0.89, 8.02, p-0.04). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves of PP1 and PP2 were statistically significantly different (p-0.043). PP1 also showed statistically significant improvement in knowledge on the prevention and management of PU compared to PP2 at post-intervention (
conclusionIndividualized, structured education of patients and caregiver is effective in improving the knowledge and preventing the PU in immobile orthopaedic patients. A comprehensive approach involving hospital administrators, health care professionals, patients and caregivers may be further researched upon for a sustainable reduction in PU.
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