ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2021
Association of the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification and anatomic location with return to full training and reinjury following hamstring injury in elite football.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Conservative Interventions After Acute Hamstrings Injuries in Athletes: A Living Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Immediate effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis in athletes with hamstring shortening. A randomized within-participant clinical trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Time course of eccentric hamstring strength recovery after a competitive match in under-20-year-old football players.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Imaging and Clinical Factors Associated With Return to Play and Recurrence After Quadriceps Muscle Strain Injury.Sports health · 2026Article
- Impact of Prior Hamstring Strain Injury on Muscle Morphology and Sprinting Biomechanics in Collegiate American Football Athletes.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Observational
- Time to return to sports in football players recovering from lower limb soft tissue injuries: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- Ultrasound-based classification and rehabilitation of biceps femoris T-junction injuries.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Incidence of Hamstring Injury and Analysis of Risk Factors for Reinjury in Japanese Professional Football Players.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- Muscle Injuries in 90 Professional Football Players Over 10 Consecutive Seasons: A Comparison of Two Classification Systems and Their Association With Return-to-Play Time.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Return to performance: machine learning insights into how absence time following muscle injuries affects match running performance in LaLiga soccer players.Biology of sport · 2025Article
- Review
- Mechanical interactions between the biceps femoris long and short heads: Implications for T-junction hamstring injuries.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2025Article
- Ultrasound-guided interventions in elite soccer players.Skeletal radiology · 2025Review
- Validity and reliability of sprint force-velocity profiling in elite football: Comparison of MySprint, GPS, and radar devices.PloS one · 2025Article
- Does the Eccentric Strength Profile of the Hamstrings Determine the Severity of Injury Sustained?International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- The Structure, Function, and Adaptation of Lower-Limb Aponeuroses: Implications for Myo-Aponeurotic Injury.Sports medicine - open · 2024Review
- MRI radiomics for hamstring strain injury identification and return to sport classification: a pilot study.Skeletal radiology · 2024Article
- Psychological risk factors for a first hamstring strain injury in soccer: a qualitative study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Association of quantitative diffusion tensor imaging measures with time to return to sport and reinjury incidence following acute hamstring strain injury.Journal of biomechanics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between hamstring muscle injuries (HMIs) that involve the intramuscular tendon and prolonged recovery time and increased reinjury rate remains unclear in elite footballers.
objectiveTo determine the association of time to return to full training (TRFT) and reinjury of HMIs using the British Athletic Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC) and specific anatomical injury location in elite-level football players.
methodsThe electronic medical records of all players at an English Premier League club were reviewed over eight consecutive seasons. All players who sustained an acute HMI were included. Two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists independently graded each muscle using the BAMIC, categorised each injury location area (proximal vs middle vs distal third and proximal vs distal tendon) and reported second muscle involvement. TRFT and reinjury were recorded.
resultsOut of 61 HMIs, the intramuscular tendon (BAMIC 'c') was involved in 13 (21.3%). HMI involving the intramuscular tendon ('c') had a mean rank TRFT of 36 days compared with 24 days without involvement (p=0.013). There were 10 (16.4%) reinjuries with a significant difference of 38.5% reinjury rate in the group with intramuscular tendon injury ('c') and 12.5% in the group without (p=0.031). TRFT and reinjury involving a second muscle was statistically significantly higher than without. Most of the HMIs to the biceps femoris with reinjury (5 out of 9) were in the distal third section related to the distal tendon site involving both the long and short head.
conclusionTRFT in HMI involving the intramuscular tendon ('c') of the Biceps femoris is significantly longer with significantly higher reinjury rate compared with injuries without, in elite football players. The finding that most reinjures of the biceps femoris occurring in the distal third muscle at the distal tendon site, involving both the long and short head, merits further investigation.
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