Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34040616›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in immunology2021

The Role of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Anna Kosyreva, Dzhuliia Dzhalilova, Anastasia Lokhonina, Polina Vishnyakova, Timur Fatkhudinov

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
78citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

78 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. COVID-19, the disease that changed the world.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Macrophages: sentinels, warriors, and healers.Human molecular genetics · 2025
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein induces a Mincle-dependent macrophage inflammatory response in acute kidney injury.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Anna KosyrevaDepartment of Neuromorphology, Science Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
Dzhuliia DzhalilovaDepartment of Immunomorphology of Inflammation, Science Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
Anastasia LokhoninaHistology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
Polina VishnyakovaHistology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
Timur FatkhudinovHistology Department, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophages are cells that mediate both innate and adaptive immunity reactions, playing a major role in both physiological and pathological processes. Systemic SARS-CoV-2-associated complications include acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome, edema, and pneumonia. These are predominantly effects of massive macrophage activation that collectively can be defined as macrophage activation syndrome. In this review we focus on the role of macrophages in COVID-19, as pathogenesis of the new coronavirus infection, especially in cases complicated by ARDS, largely depends on macrophage phenotypes and functionalities. We describe participation of monocytes, monocyte-derived and resident lung macrophages in SARS-CoV-2-associated ARDS and discuss possible utility of cell therapies for its treatment, notably the use of reprogrammed macrophages with stable pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes.

Indexed as

Cell- and Tissue-Based TherapyCOVID-19HumansInflammationLungMacrophage ActivationMacrophagesMacrophages, AlveolarMonocytesRespiratory Distress SyndromeSARS-CoV-2ARDScells therapyinflammationM1/M2 macrophagesSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID34040616
PMCPMC8141811

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.