Observational studyInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The Characteristics of Airflow Limitation and Future Exacerbations in Different GOLD Groups of COPD Patients.
Observational study in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Humanistic, Economic, Sociodemographic, and Environmental Burden Associated with Severe COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2025Pooled it
- Sociodemographic differences in clinical phenotypes among patients with COPD: a latent class analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- The treatment responses among different inhalation therapies for GOLD group E patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a novel AI-derived index for predicting COPD medical costs in clinical practice.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Low Life Essential 8 Score as a Risk Factor for Long-Term Mortality in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study Based on the Analysis of NHANES Data from 2007 to 2012.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2024Article
- The effects of different inhalation therapies on less symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in a Chinese population: a real-world study.Annals of medicine · 2023Observational
- Article
- The Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes in Non-Frequent Exacerbation Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Chinese Population.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- The clinical characteristics and treatment response of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with low body mass index.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Short-Term Benefits of Smoking Cessation Improve Respiratory Function and Metabolism in Smokers.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Functional Benefit of Smoking Cessation and Triple Inhaler in Combustible Cigarette Smokers with Severe COPD: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The future exacerbation and mortality of different inhalation therapies among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in various GOLD groups: a focus on the GOLD 2017 and GOLD 2023 reports.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 separated pulmonary function from combined assessment. We aimed to analyze the characteristics of airflow limitation and future exacerbations in different GOLD groups of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.
methodsFor this prospective observational study, stable COPD outpatients were enrolled and divided into Groups A, B, C and D based on GOLD 2017, and followed-up for 18 months. Data on demographics, pulmonary function, COPD assessment test (CAT), Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ), modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), exacerbations, mortality and treatments were collected. A post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity <0.70 confirms the presence of airflow limitation.
resultsA total of 993 subjects were classified into Groups A (n = 170, 17.1%), B (n = 360, 36.3%), C (n = 122, 12.3%), and D (n = 341, 34.3%). There were significant differences in mMRC, CAT, CCQ, exacerbations and hospitalizations rates among the different groups (P < 0.001). Groups B and D had more severe airflow limitation than Groups A and C (P < 0.05). In the same groups with different severity of airflow limitation, the differences were mainly observed in body mass index, CAT, CCQ and treatment with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and LAMA + long-acting β2-agonist + inhaled corticosteroid (P < 0.05). After 18 months of follow-up, the exacerbations and hospitalizations rates were significantly different among different groups (P < 0.05). However, in the same groups with different airflow limitation severity, the mortality rates and number of exacerbations, hospitalizations and frequent exacerbators showed no differences.
conclusionIn the GOLD groups, different severity of airflow limitation had no impact on future exacerbations and mortality rate. It implies that pulmonary function is not a good indicator for predicting exacerbation.
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