Trial reportBritish journal of sports medicine2022
Multi-strategy intervention increases school implementation and maintenance of a mandatory physical activity policy: outcomes of a cluster randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in British journal of sports medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Exploring long-term follow-up of effective implementation trials in schools: a secondary review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Strategies for enhancing the implementation of school-based policies or practices targeting diet, physical activity, obesity, tobacco or alcohol use.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impact of a multi-component implementation strategy to increase outdoor free play opportunities in early childhood education and care (ECEC) services: the get outside get active (GOGA) randomised controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Trial
- Evaluation of the peer leadership for physical literacy intervention: A cluster randomized controlled trial.PloS one · 2023Trial
- Optimising a multi-strategy implementation intervention to improve the delivery of a school physical activity policy at scale: findings from a randomised noninferiority trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2022Trial
- Scale-up of the Physical Activity 4 Everyone (PA4E1) intervention in secondary schools: 24-month implementation and cost outcomes from a cluster randomised controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Trial
- Bayesian adaptive designs for the optimisation of implementation strategies: a virtual re-execution of the Physically Active Children in Education (PACE) trials.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- Monitoring systems for public health program and policy implementation in community settings: features and suggested actions from a scoping review.Implementation science : IS · 2026Article
- Adaptive designs for trials aiming to optimise implementation strategies and the effect of an additional interim analysis: a simulation study.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Identifying key determinants influencing the sustainment of physical activity and nutrition programs in Australian primary schools.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Properties of adaptive, cluster-randomised controlled trials with few clusters: a simulation study.Implementation science : IS · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Physical Activity Initiatives in Australian Primary Schools: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of a daily sport uniform policy in primary schools: a qualitative study with students and teachers.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- The FIT FIRST 10 dose-response study: evaluation of implementation outcomes.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Learning health systems to implement chronic disease prevention programs: A novel framework and perspectives from an Australian health service.Learning health systems · 2024Article
- Learning Health System to rapidly improve the implementation of a school physical activity policy.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
- Research outcomes informing the selection of public health interventions and strategies to implement them: A cross-sectional survey of Australian policy-maker and practitioner preferences.Health research policy and systems · 2024Article
- A systematic review to determine the effect of strategies to sustain chronic disease prevention interventions in clinical and community settings: study protocol.Systematic reviews · 2024Article
- An initial typology of approaches used by policy and practice agencies to achieve sustained implementation of interventions to improve health.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess if a multi-strategy intervention effectively increased weekly minutes of structured physical activity (PA) implemented by classroom teachers at 12 months and 18 months.
methodsA cluster randomised controlled trial with 61 primary schools in New South Wales Australia. The 12-month multi-strategy intervention included; centralised technical assistance, ongoing consultation, principal's mandated change, identifying and preparing school champions, development of implementation plans, educational outreach visits and provision of educational materials. Control schools received usual support (guidelines for policy development via education department website and telephone support). Weekly minutes of structured PA implemented by classroom teachers (primary outcome) was measured via teacher completion of a daily log-book at baseline (October-December 2017), 12-month (October-December 2018) and 18-month (April-June 2019). Data were analysed using linear mixed effects regression models.
resultsOverall, 400 class teachers at baseline, 403 at 12 months follow-up and 391 at 18 months follow-up provided valid primary outcome data. From baseline to 12-month follow-up, teachers at intervention schools recorded a greater increase in weekly minutes of PA implemented than teachers assigned to the control schools by approximately 44.2 min (95% CI 32.8 to 55.7; p<0.001) which remained at 18 months, however, the effect size was smaller at 27.1 min (95% CI 15.5 to 38.6; p≤0.001).
conclusionA multi-strategy intervention increased mandatory PA policy implementation. Some, but not all of this improvement was maintained after implementation support concluded. Further research should assess the impact of scale-up strategies on the sustainability of PA policy implementation over longer time periods. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12617001265369).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.