ReviewBiomarker research2021
The landscape of bispecific T cell engager in cancer treatment.
Review in Biomarker research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting DNA damage response to enhance cancer immunotherapy efficacy: molecular mechanisms and clinical advances.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Article
- Navigating the Therapeutic Landscape of Multiple Myeloma: Immunotherapy, Microenvironment, and Resistance.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Blinatumomab bypasses CD28 blockade to sustain T-cell cytotoxicity and improve survival in a xenograft B-ALL model.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Single injection of modified self-amplifying RNA encoding a CD19 bispecific T cell engager mediates long-term malignant B cell clearance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Precision modeling of tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses in humanized mice for preclinical assessment of cancer immunotherapies.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Dendritic Cell-T Cell Crosstalk Mediated Cancer Immunotherapy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Targeting of CD28 and CD38 as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for peripheral T-cell lymphomas.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Emerging Role of Bispecific Antibodies in Precision Medicine, Cancer and Modern Therapeutics.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Targeting Telomerase in Cancer: Vaccine-Based Strategies, Clinical Evidence, and Synergy with Immunotherapy.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The safety and efficacy of bispecific T-cell engagers (TCEs) in patients with glioma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Bispecific Antibodies in B-Cell Lymphomas: Mechanisms, Efficacy, Toxicity, and Management.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Review
- Quantitative Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetics for Fc-Engineered Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies With Increased FcRn Binding Mutations After Subcutaneous Injection.Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- MDX-2001-101 study protocol: a phase I/IIa, multicenter, first-in-human, open-label clinical trial evaluating MDX2001 monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumors.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Immune Cell Modulation of Patient-Matched Organoid Drug Response in Precision Cancer Medicine Platform.Cells · 2026Article
- Sweet Surprises: Decoding Tumor-Associated Glycosylation in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Potential.Cells · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy with or without low-intensity chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy as first-line treatment for newly diagnosed B-ALL patients fit for intensive chemotherapy: a propensity score-matched study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- GNA15 as a regulator of tumor-immune crosstalk: oncogenic signaling, microenvironmental remodeling, and implications for targeted immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- T-cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T cell-based immunotherapies have revolutionized treatment paradigms in various cancers, however, limited response rates secondary to lack of significant T-cell infiltration in the tumor site remain a major problem. To address this limitation, strategies for redirecting T cells to treat cancer are being intensively investigated, while the bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) therapy constitutes one of the most promising therapeutic approaches. BiTE is a bispecific antibody construct with a unique function, simultaneously binding an antigen on tumor cells and a surface molecule on T cells to induce tumor lysis. BiTE therapy represented by blinatumomab has achieved impressive efficacy in the treatment of B cell malignancies. However, major mechanisms of resistance to BiTE therapy are associated with antigen loss and immunosuppressive factors such as the upregulation of immune checkpoints. Thus, modification of antibody constructs and searching for combination strategies designed to further enhance treatment efficacy as well as reduce toxicity has become an urgent issue, especially for solid tumors in which response to BiTE therapy is always poor. In particular, immunotherapies focusing on innate immunity have attracted increasing interest and have shown promising anti-tumor activity by engaging innate cells or innate-like cells, which can be used alone or complement current therapies. In this review, we depict the landscape of BiTE therapy, including clinical advances with potential response predictors, challenges of treatment toxicity and resistance, and developments of novel immune cell-based engager therapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.