ArticleBMC public health2021
Body-mass index, blood pressure, diabetes and cardiovascular mortality in Cuba: prospective study of 146,556 participants.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Efficacy of diabetes-specific partial meal replacement on glycemic and weight control in type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Trial
- Interrelationships Between Key Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Impact of diabetes on longevity and disability-free life expectancy among older South African adults: A prospective longitudinal analysis.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Article
- BMI mediates the association of family medical history with self-reported hypertension and diabetes among older adults: Evidence from baseline wave of the longitudinal aging study in India.SSM - population health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular disease accounts for about one-third of all premature deaths (ie, age < 70) in Cuba. Yet, the relevance of major risk factors, including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diabetes, and body-mass index (BMI), to cardiovascular mortality in this population remains unclear.
methodsIn 1996-2002, 146,556 adults were recruited from the general population in five areas of Cuba. Participants were interviewed, measured (height, weight and blood pressure) and followed up by electronic linkage to national death registries until Jan 1, 2017; in 2006-08, 24,345 participants were resurveyed. After excluding all with missing data, cardiovascular disease at recruitment, and those who died in the first 5 years, Cox regression (adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol and, where appropriate, BMI) was used to relate cardiovascular mortality rate ratios (RRs) at ages 35-79 years to SBP, diabetes and BMI; RR were corrected for regression dilution to give associations with long-term average (ie, 'usual') levels of SBP and BMI.
resultsAfter exclusions, there were 125,939 participants (mean age 53 [SD12]; 55% women). Mean SBP was 124 mmHg (SD15), 5% had diabetes, and mean BMI was 24.2 kg/m
conclusionsThis large prospective study provides direct evidence for the effects of these major risk factors on cardiovascular mortality in Cuba. Despite comparatively low levels of these risk factors by international standards, the strength of their association with cardiovascular death means they nevertheless exert a substantial impact on premature mortality in Cuba.
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