ArticlePloS one2021
Crystal methamphetamine use in British Columbia, Canada: A cross-sectional study of people who access harm reduction services.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The association between methamphetamine use and number of sexual partners in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of Buprenorphine/Naloxone and Methadone on Methamphetamine/Amphetamine Use Among People with Opioid Use Disorder in Canada.Substance use & addiction journal · 2025Trial
- "Chill packs" self-administered olanzapine as psychiatric harm reduction for methamphetamine-induced psychosis: a narrative review of the existing evidence base.Harm reduction journal · 2026Review
- Strategic approaches to reducing the substance use-related burden of disease in Canada.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Interventions for stimulant use in people who are homeless or vulnerably housed: a scoping review of the evidence including trauma-informed approaches.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Responding to an evolving crisis: Meeting the needs of a growing population who smoke their unregulated substances.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Examining opioid agonist treatment (OAT) site operations and early signals of change in the first year of British Columbia's drug decriminalization policy: Insights from a provincial survey.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- Longitudinal polysubstance use patterns and non-fatal overdose: A repeated measures latent class analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- The peers expanding engagement in stimulant harm reduction with contingency management study: a protocol paper.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic and Toxico-clinical Characteristics of Patients with Opioid/Stimulant Poisoning.Addiction & health · 2025Article
- High concordance between urine toxicology results and self-reported fentanyl use in Nevada and New Mexico.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2024Article
- Housing status and accidental substance-related acute toxicity deaths in Canada, 2016-2017.Health promotion and chronic disease prevention in Canada : research, policy and practice · 2024Article
- A qualitative study on perceptions and experiences of overdose among people who smoke drugs in Vancouver, British Columbia.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Pharmacological Treatments for Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Current Status and Future Targets.Substance abuse and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- Perceptions of stigma among people with lived experience of methamphetamine use within the hospital setting: qualitative point-in-time interviews and thematic analyses of experiences.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Amphetamine-Related Emergency Department Visits in Ontario, Canada, 2003-2020.Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2023Article
- The authors respond to letters on using prescribed psychostimulants to treat stimulant use disorder.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2023Article
- The impact of methamphetamine use on medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment retention: a scoping review.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Urinary profiles of methoxyphenamine and its metabolite after inhalation of methoxyphenamine smoke in humans: aiming to distinguish between active and passive exposure.Forensic toxicology · 2023Article
- Community overdose surveillance: Fentanyl involvement in overdose deaths in rural Michigan.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIncreased use of crystal methamphetamine ("crystal meth") has been observed across North America and international jurisdictions, including a notable increase in the presence of methamphetamines in illicit drug toxicity deaths in British Columbia (BC), Canada. We used data from a cross-sectional survey and urine toxicology screening to report the prevalence, correlates, and validity of self-reported crystal meth use among clients of harm reduction sites in BC. MATERIALS AND
methodsSurvey data were collected from 1,107 participants across 25 communities in BC, through the 2018 and 2019 Harm Reduction Client Survey. We described reported substance use and used a multivariate logistic regression model to characterize crystal meth use. Urine samples provided by a subset of participants were used to derive validity of self-reported three-day crystal meth use compared to urine toxicology screening.
resultsExcluding tobacco, crystal meth was the most frequently reported substance used in the past three days in 2018 and 2019 (59.7% and 71.7%, respectively). Smoking was the dominant route of administration for crystal meth, crack, heroin, and fentanyl. Multivariate analysis determined significantly higher odds of crystal meth use among those who used opioids (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 3.13), cannabis (AOR = 2.10), and alcohol (1.41), and among those who were not regularly housed (AOR = 2.08) and unemployed (AOR = 1.75). Age ≥50 was inversely associated with crystal meth use (AOR = 0.63). Sensitivity of self-reported crystal meth use was 86%, specificity was 86%, positive predictive value was 96%, and negative predictive value was 65%.
conclusionsCrystal meth was the most commonly used substance among clients of harm reduction sites in BC in 2018 and 2019, and was frequently used concurrently with opioids. Comparison to urine samples demonstrated high validity of self-reported crystal meth use. Understanding evolving patterns of substance use will be imperative in tailoring harm reduction and substance use services for individuals that use crystal meth.
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Registered trials
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