Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34037803›Full record

ArticleTransactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene2021

Modelling the spatial distribution of mycetoma in Sudan.

Rowa Hassan, Hope Simpson, Jorge Cano, Sahar Bakhiet, Eltayeb Ganawa, Daniel Argaw, Melanie J Newport, Kebede Deribe, Ahmed Hassan Fahal

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
22.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Mycetoma.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Mycetoma in Somalia: an updated literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Mycetoma in Ecuador.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Mycetoma and the environment.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Epidemiologic Aspects of Mycetoma in Africa.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Rowa HassanMycetoma Research Centre, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Hope SimpsonDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Jorge CanoDepartment of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Sahar BakhietMycetoma Research Centre, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Eltayeb GanawaDepartment of GIS and Cartography, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Daniel ArgawWorld Health Organization, Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Innovative and Intensified Disease Management, Geneva, Switzerland.
Melanie J NewportDepartment of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.
Kebede DeribeDepartment of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8526-6996
Ahmed Hassan FahalMycetoma Research Centre, Soba University Hospital, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan.
Brighton and Sussex Medical School · GBUniversity of Khartoum · SDUniversity of London · GBWorld Health Organization · CH

Funding

Department of HealthWellcome Trust 201900/Z/16/ZWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMycetoma is a neglected tropical disease that is reported worldwide and Sudan has the highest reported number of mycetoma infections across the globe. The incidence, prevalence and burden of mycetoma globally are not precisely known and its risk factors remain largely unelucidated.

methodsThis study aimed to identify the environmental predictors of fungal and bacterial mycetoma in Sudan and to identify areas of the country where these niche predictors are met. Demographic and clinical data from confirmed mycetoma patients seen at the Mycetoma Research Centre from 1991 to 2018 were included in this study. Regression and machine learning techniques were used to model the relationships between mycetoma occurrence in Sudan and environmental predictors.

resultsThe strongest predictors of mycetoma occurrence were aridity, proximity to water, low soil calcium and sodium concentrations and the distribution of various species of thorny trees. The models predicted the occurrence of eumycetoma and actinomycetoma in the central and southeastern states of Sudan and along the Nile river valley and its tributaries.

conclusionOur results showed that the risk of mycetoma in Sudan varies geographically and is linked to identifiable environmental risk factors. Suitability maps are intended to guide health authorities, academic institutes and organisations involved in planning national scale surveys for early case detection and management, leading to better patient treatment, prevention and control of mycetoma.

Indexed as

MycetomaEnvironmentHumansNeglected DiseasesSoilSudanSoilensemble modelsenvironmental modellingmachine learningmycetomaSudan

Identifiers

PMID34037803
PMCPMC8486737
OpenAlexW3165098723

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.