ArticleGigaScience2021
The genome of the venomous snail Lautoconus ventricosus sheds light on the origin of conotoxin diversity.
Article in GigaScience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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34 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- From neuropeptides to toxins: illuminating the origins of venom complexity in cone snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of venom genes in the chromosome-level genomes of two closely related cone snails.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- The high-quality genome of Bellamya aeruginosa reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying its remarkable stress resistance.BMC biology · 2025Article
- From Neuropeptides to Toxins: Illuminating the Origins of Venom Complexity in Cone Snails.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolution of Duplicated Hox Gene Clusters in Land Snails and Slugs.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- The Biological Role of Conoporins, Actinoporin-like Pore-Forming Toxins from Cone Snails.Toxins · 2025Review
- Whole Genome Duplication in the Genomics Era: The Hidden Gems in Invertebrates?Genome biology and evolution · 2025Review
- Lineage-Specific Class-A GPCR Dynamics Reflect Diverse Chemosensory Adaptations in Lophotrochozoa.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Chromosome-level reference genome for the medically important Arabian horned viper (Cerastes gasperettii).GigaScience · 2025Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly of the ivory shell Babylonia areolata.Scientific data · 2024Article
- Phylogenomics of Neogastropoda: The Backbone Hidden in the Bush.Systematic biology · 2024Article
- Prey Shifts Drive Venom Evolution in Cone Snails.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- A draft genome of the neritid snail Theodoxus fluviatilis.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Article
- The genome of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum reveals a tandem organization of venom peptides genes allowing the prediction of their regulatory and evolutionary profiles.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- Collaborative Expression: Transcriptomics of Conus virgo Suggests Contribution of Multiple Secretory Glands to Venom Production.Journal of molecular evolution · 2023Article
- PacBio Full-Length Transcriptome of a TetraploidAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVenoms are deadly weapons to subdue prey or deter predators that have evolved independently in many animal lineages. The genomes of venomous animals are essential to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in the origin and diversification of venoms.
resultsHere, we report the chromosome-level genome of the venomous Mediterranean cone snail, Lautoconus ventricosus (Caenogastropoda: Conidae). The total size of the assembly is 3.59 Gb; it has high contiguity (N50 = 93.53 Mb) and 86.6 Mb of the genome assembled into the 35 largest scaffolds or pseudochromosomes. On the basis of venom gland transcriptomes, we annotated 262 complete genes encoding conotoxin precursors, hormones, and other venom-related proteins. These genes were scattered in the different pseudochromosomes and located within repetitive regions. The genes encoding conotoxin precursors were normally structured into 3 exons, which did not necessarily coincide with the 3 structural domains of the corresponding proteins. Additionally, we found evidence in the L. ventricosus genome for a past whole-genome duplication event by means of conserved gene synteny with the Pomacea canaliculata genome, the only one available at the chromosome level within Caenogastropoda. The whole-genome duplication event was further confirmed by the presence of a duplicated hox gene cluster. Key genes for gastropod biology including those encoding proteins related to development, shell formation, and sex were located in the genome.
conclusionsThe new high-quality L. ventricosus genome should become a reference for assembling and analyzing new gastropod genomes and will contribute to future evolutionary genomic studies among venomous animals.
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