Observational studyClinical pharmacokinetics2021
Current Ceftriaxone Dose Recommendations are Adequate for Most Critically Ill Children: Results of a Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulation Study.
Observational study in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Critically Ill Children
Personalised Risk Assessment in Febrile Illness to Optimise Real-life Management Across the European Union (PERFORM)
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Overview of the Protein Binding of Cephalosporins in Human Body Fluids: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- β-Lactam dosing in critically ill children: predictors for target non-attainment.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Observational
- Leveraging Clinical Data to Enhance the Performance Evaluation of Ceftriaxone Population Pharmacokinetic Models in Children.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2025Article
- Unraveling Ceftriaxone Dosing: Free Drug Prediction, Threshold Optimization, and Model Validation.The AAPS journal · 2025Article
- Effect of hypoalbuminemia on drug pharmacokinetics.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Optimal use of β-lactams in neonates: machine learning-based clinical decision support system.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Getting the dose right using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling: dexamethasone to prevent post-extubation stridor in children as proof of concept.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
- Evaluation of ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics in hospitalized Egyptian pediatric patients.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- Lamivudine and Emtricitabine Dosing Proposal for Children with HIV and Chronic Kidney Disease, Supported by Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Developmental Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics Used in Neonatal ICU: Focus on Preterm Infants.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Total and Free Ceftriaxone in Critically Ill Children and Young Adults and Monte Carlo Simulations Support Twice Daily Dosing for Target Attainment.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- β-lactam precision dosing in critically ill children: Current state and knowledge gaps.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Pediatric Intensive Care: Fostering Variability to Attain Precision Medicine.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveCeftriaxone is a cornerstone antibiotic for critically ill children with severe infections. Despite its widespread use, information on the pharmacokinetics of ceftriaxone is lacking in this population. We aimed to determine ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics in critically ill children and to propose ceftriaxone dosing guidelines resulting in adequate target attainment using population pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation.
methodsCritically ill children (aged 0-18 years) treated with intravenous ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg once daily, infused in 30 minutes) and a central or arterial line in place were eligible. Opportunistic blood sampling for total and unbound ceftriaxone concentrations was used. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using non-linear mixed-effects modeling on NONMEM™ Version 7.4.3. Simulations were performed to select optimal doses using probability of target attainment for two pharmacokinetic targets of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) reflecting the susceptibility of pathogens (f T > MIC 100% and fT > 4 × MIC 100%).
resultsTwo hundred and five samples for total and 43 time-matched samples for unbound plasma ceftriaxone concentrations were collected from 45 patients, median age 2.5 (range 0.1-16.7) years. A two-compartment model with bodyweight as the co-variate for volume of distribution and clearance, and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate as an additional covariate for clearance, best described ceftriaxone pharmacokinetics. For a typical patient (2.5 years, 14 kg) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 80 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionsThe current dosing regimen of ceftriaxone provides adequate exposure for susceptible pathogens in most critically ill children. In patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of > 80 mL/min/1.73 m CLINICAL
trial registrationPOPSICLE study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03248349, registered 14 August, 2017), PERFORM study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03502993, registered 19 April, 2018).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.