ArticleInfection2021
Comparison of clinical features and outcomes in COVID-19 and influenza pneumonia patients requiring intensive care unit admission.
Article in Infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differences in clinical characteristics between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Microbe · 2023Pooled it
- Incidence and outcomes of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis and the role of antifungal prophylaxis: a structured literature review.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Review
- Machine learning for early screening of influenza A-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in hospitalized patients: a real-world study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Risk factors for COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis and outcomes in patients with acute respiratory failure in a respiratory sub-intensive care unit.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- ICU-Acquired Colonization and Infection Related to Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in COVID-19 Patients: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Risk factors and effect on mortality of superinfections in a newly established COVID-19 respiratory sub-intensive care unit at University Hospital in Rome.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Severe Acute Respiratory Infection-Preparedness: Protocol for a Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study of Viral Respiratory Infections.Critical care explorations · 2022Article
- COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza: myocardial injury and prognostic importance.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- A Visual and Comprehensive Review on COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA).Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Invasive Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19: A Narrative Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Bacterial and fungal growth in sputum cultures from 165 COVID-19 pneumonia patients requiring intubation: evidence for antimicrobial resistance development and analysis of risk factors.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2021Article
- Diseased lungs may hinder COVID-19 development: A possible reason for the low prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 patients.Medical hypotheses · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known in distinguishing clinical features and outcomes between coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) and influenza (FLU). MATERIALS/
methodsRetrospective, single-centre study including patients with COVID-19 or FLU pneumonia admitted to the Intensive care Unit (ICU) of Policlinico Umberto I (Rome). Aims were: (1) to assess clinical features and differences of patients with COVID-19 and FLU, (2) to identify clinical and/or laboratory factors associated with FLU or COVID-19 and (3) to evaluate 30-day mortality, bacterial superinfections, thrombotic events and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with FLU versus COVID-19.
resultsOverall, 74 patients were included (19, 25.7%, FLU and 55, 74.3%, COVID-19), median age 67 years (58-76). COVID-19 patients were more male (p = 0.013), with a lower percentage of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively) than FLU. SOFA score was higher (p = 0.020) and lymphocytes were significantly lower in FLU than in COVID-19 [395.5 vs 770.0 cells/mmc, p = 0.005]. At multivariable analysis, male sex (OR 6.1, p < 0.002), age > 65 years (OR 2.4, p = 0.024) and lymphocyte count > 725 cells/mmc at ICU admission (OR 5.1, p = 0.024) were significantly associated with COVID-19, whereas CKD and COPD were associated with FLU (OR 0.1 and OR 0.16, p = 0.020 and p < 0.001, respectively). No differences in mortality, bacterial superinfections and thrombotic events were observed, whereas IPA was mostly associated with FLU (31.5% vs 3.6%, p = 0.0029).
conclusionsIn critically ill patients, male sex, age > 65 years and lymphocytes > 725 cells/mmc are related to COVID-19. FLU is associated with a significantly higher risk of IPA than COVID-19.
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