Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34036363›Full record

Trial reportThe Journal of nutrition2021

Infant and Toddler Consumption of Sweetened and Unsweetened Lipid Nutrient Supplements After 2-Week Home Repeated Exposures.

Susan L Johnson, Allison L B Shapiro, Kameron J Moding, Abigail Flesher, Kathryn Davis, Jennifer O Fisher

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in The Journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04544332 (The GAIN Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04544332 completednot on this map

The GAIN Study: Understanding What Helps Children Learn to Like and Eat New Foods

TypeobservationalSponsorUniversity of Colorado, DenverRan2018 to 2019Enrolled58ConditionsFood Preferences, Parenting
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Susan L JohnsonDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5604-3048
Allison L B ShapiroDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kameron J ModingDepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
Abigail FlesherDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Kathryn DavisDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
Jennifer O FisherDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Funding

NIH Prior Approval Process ProfessionalUL1TR002535 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SOKOL, RONALD J. · 2018 to 2022
$51.1M
The neural underpinnings of disinhibited eating behavior in adolescents with and without obesityK01DK120562 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · PI SHAPIRO, ALLISON LIVIA BUTI · 2020 to 2024
$707k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR002535NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK120562
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSmall-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) are designed to address undernutrition during the complementary feeding period. SQ-LNS contains added sugars, but limited research has assessed whether infants' acceptance varies between versions with and without sugars.

objectivesOur objective was to examine the effects of repeated exposure on children's acceptance of sweetened and unsweetened SQ-LNS. We aimed to understand caregivers' perceptions of children's liking of the 2 SQ-LNS versions and their influences on infant acceptance of SQ-LNS.

methodsCaregivers (86% non-Hispanic White) and children (7-24 mo), participated in a randomized, 2-week home-exposure study and baseline and post-home exposure assessments. Children were randomized to receive sweetened or unsweetened SQ-LNS versions, mixed with infant oatmeal. At in-person visits, caregivers fed both SQ-LNS versions to children and rated their child's liking for each. Caregivers fed the SQ-LNS version to which their child was randomized until the child refused to eat more. Acceptance was measured as total grams consumed. Mixed-effects linear models tested the change in SQ-LNS consumed between baseline and postexposure by the SQ-LNS version and number of home exposures. Covariates included the amount of SQ-LNS consumed at baseline, child BMI z-score, child age, and breastfeeding experience.

resultsChildren's acceptance of both SQ-LNS versions increased from baseline to postexposure (β, 0.71 g; 95% CI: 0.54-0.89 g; P = 0.04), regardless of SQ-LNS version (P = 0.88) or number of home exposures (P = 0.55). Caregivers rated children's liking of unsweetened SQ-LNS higher at baseline (P = 0.02). Children with lower liking ratings at baseline showed the greatest increases in acceptance between baseline and postexposure (P = 0.01).

conclusionsChildren's acceptance of SQ-LNS increased with repeated exposure, whether offered the sweetened or unsweetened version, providing preliminary support that adding sugar to SQ-LNS may not improve acceptance in young children. Children who initially like the supplement less may need repeated experience to learn to accept SQ-LNS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04544332.

Indexed as

Dietary SupplementsInfant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaBreast FeedingChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantLipidsNutrientsLipidsNutrientscomplementary feedingfeeding practicesinfantsrepeated exposureSQ-LNS

Identifiers

PMID34036363
PMCPMC8417920

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.